Recombinant Antibodies
Mary Johnson1 (han at labome dot com), Andrew Bradbury2
1 Synatom Research, Princeton, New Jersey, United States. 2 Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
DOI
//dx.doi.org/10.13070/mm.en.5.1297
Date
last modified : 2022-10-24; original version : 2015-01-13
Cite as
MATER METHODS 2015;5:1297
Abstract

An overview and practical guide on the applications of recombinant antibodies as reagents in biomedical experiments and a summary of recombinant antibodies among the over 60,000 formal publications in Labome's Validated Antibody Database. However, since 2015, a number of suppliers have started to provide recombinant antibodies for researchers. The suppliers often use the same catalog numbers or clone names for the antibody preparations both from hybridoma and from expression hosts. This practice makes impossible to survey the citation data for recombinant antibodies. The article hence will no longer be updated.

Introduction

While there are numerous research articles and reviews on the generation of recombinant antibodies and their therapeutic potentials, few articles have addressed the current state of recombinant antibodies and their potentials as they are applied in typical biomedical experimentations such as Western blot, flow cytometry, and immunochemistry. This review is intended to examine the citation of recombinant antibodies in research reports and review the current availability of recombinant antibodies as reagents. DNA sequences for recombinant antibodies can be obtained through cloning of immunogen-specific antibody genes or selection from a phage library. Recombinant antibodies are monoclonal and differ from regular monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies since they are produced in an expression host such as E. coli or CHO cell line. Major benefits of recombinant antibodies include 1) the sequence of a recombinant antibody can be modified to tailor to specific needs; 2) the generation of an antibody does not depend on the immunogenicity of a host animal; 3) recombinant antibodies are free from animal pathogens; 4) in vitro-expressed antibodies have excellent lot-to-lot consistency, especially since a significant number of hybridomas contain non-specific yet productive additional variable chains [1] ; 5) the antibody chains can be engineered to enable, for example, consistent conjugation [2]. In 2015, Drs. Andrew Bradbury and Andreas Plückthun, along with 110 co-signatories, proposed to transition the provision antibody reagents from the current state of confusion to a system with only sequenced well-characterized recombinants [3]. Several commercial entities have undertaken large-scale efforts to generate recombinant antibody reagents. Some of them are discussed below. In addition, academic groups and government institution are also getting involved. One common area of research that employs recombinant antibodies (or nanobodies) is the structural biology, where a small-size recombinant nanobody is used to stabilize a protein complex. For example, Warne T et al used recombinant conformation-specific nanobodies to determine the active-state structures of the β1-adrenoceptor [4]. Another area is the rapid generation of recombinant neutralizing antibodies against infectious disease pathogens from B cells of infected patients, for example, those against SARS-CoV 2 [5, 6].

Recombinant Antibodies as Reagents in the Literature
Very few citations of recombinant antibodies in the literature

As of September 2019, Labome product database contains 319647 monoclonal antibody products from 209 suppliers, 541380 polyclonal antibody products from 130 suppliers, and 14719 recombinant antibody products from 10 suppliers. The actual number of recombinant antibody products is likely to be higher since some suppliers do not distinguish recombinant antibody products from monoclonal antibody products and we lack an accurate counting.

Labome manually curates formal publications to develop Validated Antibody Database. As of September 2019, Labome has curated 62121 formal publications and collected 311855 instances of antibody applications. The vast majority of antibodies cited in the literature are either monoclonal antibodies produced through hybridoma culture or ascites or polyclonal antibodies generated from host animals (Table 1).

Antibody typeNum
2018 2014
polyclonal 2949 10928
monoclonal 25089 28881
recombinant 115 34
Table 1. The number of instances vs. antibody types from the formal articles published in 2014 vs. 2018, among the 62121 articles that Labome has manually curated (hence in Labome Validated Antibody Database (VAD)), indicating that the use of recombinant antibodies in biomedical experiments, is although trending higher, remains rare. Note: some of the recombinant antibody products are classified as monoclonals, since some suppliers do not distinguish recombinant antibodies from monoclonal antibodies in their product information and group both as monoclonals.
Commonly cited recombinant antibodies in the literature

Table 2 lists some of the commonly cited recombinant antibodies. The list is not exhaustive. The earliest citation that we can identify is the biotin-conjugate anti-phosphotyrosine antibody recombinant clone 4G10® ( 16-204) from Upstate (now part of MilliporeSigma) in 2005 [7]. This clone and its different conjugates are the most cited recombinant antibody so far. Other cited recombinant antibodies come from four large-scale recombinant antibody commercial offerings: ABfinity from Life Technologies, REAfinity from Miltenyi, HuCAL from AbDSerotec, and antibodies from Creative Diagnostics. They are discussed below. In addition, individual recombinant antibodies, apart from the systematical efforts, have been used as reagents in literature as well. For example, a recombinant antibody against sulfotyrosine [8], commercially offered by MilliporeSigma, with the clone name Sulfo-1C-A2, has been cited by at least five publications [9-14]. Another recombinant antibody against H3K9me3, produced in response to a large number of problematic histone antibodies that had been on the market [15], is also commercially available (Diagenode, C15500003). Recombinant antibodies (scFv) have been reported for the widely used c-myc clone 9E10 [16-18] ; however, we failed to identify any citations for the recombinant version.

Target and clone nameCatalog numberNumSample References
CD133/1-VioBright FITC, human 130-111-08542 [19, 20]
beta Amyloid Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (H31L21) 70025431 [21, 22]
Phospho-FAK (Tyr397) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (31H5L17) 70025519 [23, 24]
CD303 (BDCA-2)-VioBright FITC, human 130-114-18218 [25, 26]
phospho-Erk1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204, Thr185/Tyr187)Antibody, recombinant clone AW39R, rabbit monoclonal 05-797R16 [27, 28]
Caspase 3 Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (9H19L2) 70018216 [29, 30]
CD1c (BDCA-1)-VioBright FITC, human 130-110-59816 [26, 31]
CD141 (BDCA-3)-APC-Vio770, human 130-110-36213 [31, 32]
Vinculin Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (42H89L44) 70006212 [33, 34]
CD159a (NKG2A)-PE, human 130-114-09212 [35, 36]
Anti-HLA-DR, DP, DQ-Biotin, human 130-104-86911 [37, 38]
CD133/2-PE, human 130-112-31511 [39]
CD56 pure, human 130-108-01611 [40, 41]
Phospho-AKT1 (Ser473) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (98H9L8) 70039210 [42, 43]
Anti-TRA-1-60-PE, human 130-100-3479 [44, 45]
Anti-LGR5-FITC, human 130-112-5089 [46, 47]
APC anti-human/mouse Granzyme B Recombinant 3722048 [48, 49]
CD304 (BDCA-4)-FITC, human 130-112-0448 [32, 50]
CD317 (PDCA-1)-FITC, mouse 130-112-3768 [51, 52]
Anti-SSEA-4-VioBlue, human 130-098-3667 [44, 53]
CD185 (CXCR5)-APC, human 130-098-4227 [54, 55]
CD244 (2B4)-Biotin, human 130-099-0387 [56, 57]
Anti-AN2-PE, human and mouse 130-116-4407 [58, 59]
Anti-F4/80-PE-Vio770, mouse 130-118-3207 [60, 61]
Anti-IL-17A-FITC, human 130-118-3967 [62, 63]
CD197 (CCR7) pure, human 130-108-0577 [64, 65]
CD34-PE, human 130-120-5207 [66, 67]
Sulfotyrosine Antibody, Clone Sulfo-1C-A2 05-11006 [13, 68]
Phospho-FAK (Tyr576) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (2H74L24) 7000136 [69, 70]
Claudin 18 Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (34H14L15) 7001786 [71, 72]
Digoxigenin Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (9H27L19) 7007726 [73, 74]
Occludin Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (6H10L9) 7011616 [75, 76]
Anti-HLA Class I Bw4-Biotin, human 130-103-9196 [77, 78]
Anti-Ki-67-PerCP-Vio700, human and mouse 130-100-2936 [79, 80]
Anti-TCRβ-VioBlue, mouse 130-104-8616 [81, 82]
CD94-APC-Vio770, human 130-101-1466 [83, 84]
MARVELD2 Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (54H19L38) 7001916 [85, 86]
Anti-CCR10-PE, human 130-120-5476 [87, 88]
Anti-FoxP3-PE, mouse 130-111-6786 [89, 90]
Anti-ROR1-APC, human 130-118-0156 [91, 92]
Anti-TCR Vδ1-FITC, human 130-118-4986 [35, 93]
CD196 (CCR6)-PE, human 130-120-5986 [94, 95]
CD314 (NKG2D)-PE, human 130-111-7236 [96, 97]
CD314 (NKG2D)-PE, human 130-124-3496 [96, 97]
Phospho-ERK1/ERK2 (Thr185, Tyr187) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (15H10L7) 7000125 [98, 99]
Phospho-JNK1/JNK2 (Thr183, Tyr185) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (D12H7L17) 7000315 [100, 101]
RAB11A Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (3H18L5) 7001845 [102, 103]
Phospho-p53 (Ser15) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (14H61L24) 7004395 [104, 105]
Anti-TCR Vα7.2-FITC, human 130-100-1905 [106, 107]
CD158a (KIR2DL1)-PE-Vio770, human 130-103-9695 [108, 109]
CD158e1/e2-Biotin, human 130-104-4835 [110, 111]
CD177-FITC, human 130-101-5215 [112, 113]
CD183 (CXCR3)-APC, human 130-101-3785 [95, 107]
CD66b-PE, human 130-104-4145 [114, 115]
CD44v6-APC, human 130-111-4255 [116, 117]
CD335 (NKp46)-APC, human 130-112-1225 [118, 119]
CD16-APC, human 130-113-3895 [36, 120]
Anti-DLL4-FITC, human 130-118-3785 [121, 122]
Anti-FcεRIα-FITC, human 130-110-8635 [123, 124]
Anti-T-bet-APC, human and mouse 130-119-8215 [125, 126]
CD146-PE, human 130-111-5085 [127, 128]
CD184 (CXCR4)-PE-Vio615, human 130-109-8905 [129, 130]
CD226 (DNAM-1)-FITC, human 130-117-6375 [131, 132]
CD44-FITC, human 130-113-9035 [116, 117]
Table 2. Citation of selected recombinant antibodies in formal publications, as of September 2019. We can not search exhaustively for all products from all publications, thus the number of citations is the minimum. The numbers here do not correspond to the numbers in Table 1. The numbers here are the total citations in the literature we collect, while the numbers in Table 1 are those from the cohort of publications we have manually reviewed.
Large-scale Provision of Recombinant Antibodies as Reagents

Generation of recombinant antibodies through libraries has the potential to provide specific antibodies for many antigens. However, it appears that recombinant antibodies remain under-utilized as reagents. Several suppliers offer recombinant antibodies, often generated through proprietary processes, as research reagents. Table 2 lists some of the products.

ThermoFisher Scientific Invitrogen ABfinity and SGC recombinant antibodies

ABfinity has been cited quite often, for example, ABfinity GFP antibody G10362 was cited by over a hundred publications (e.g. [133, 134] ). ABfinity antibody is an intact IgG molecule with both light and heavy chains. Here is a more informative, and earlier, version of Invitrogen description about Abfinity antibodies: "ABfinity™ antibodies are recombinant antibodies developed by immunizing animals, screening for functionality, and cloning the immunogen-specific antibody genes into high-level expression vectors. The antibodies are produced on a large scale by expressing them in mammalian cells, and purifying them with protein A. These recombinant antibodies are expressed in mammalian expression systems but appear just like their counterparts isolated from serum or produced by hybridomas. Intact IgG appears on a non-reducing gel as ~150 kDa band and upon reduction generating a ~25 kDa light chain band and a ~50 kDa heavy chain". There are a total of 1063 Abfinity antibodies. At least 118 of them have been cited in the literature.

SGC (Structural Genomics Consortium), a not-for-profit, public-private partnership, generated over 1,124 different recombinant antibodies targeting 152 chromatin-related proteins, among which, most of the best-performing ones for each target protein are distributed through Invitrogen [135] and thus can be searched at Labome.

Miltenyi Biotec REAfinity antibodies

Miltenyi Biotec offers 361 recombinant clones sold under the brand name of REAfinity antibodies (as of September 2018). Each REAfinity antibody is comprised of a single type of heavy chain and a single type of light chain, with mutated human IgG1 parts for Fc regions to eliminate any affinity with endogenous Fcgamma receptors. REAfinity antibodies are commonly used for flow cytometry. For example, Miltenyi Biotec REAfinity anti-CCR3 (REA122) and anti-CCR6 (REA277) antibodies were used in flow cytometry to study the role of transcription factor IRF1 in the anti-tumor function of TH9 cells [136], anti-CD123-APC (REA114) was used to investigate the distribution and function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in peripheral blood and gut mucosa of HIV infected patients [137], and CCR7-PE (REA108) antibody was used to identify immunogenic antigens from Aspergillus fumigatus [138]. Clone REA345 anti-STAT1 (pY701) antibody was used to investigate the role of IL-28R in NK cell functions [139]. Table 3 lists the number of citations of REAfinity antibodies over the years that Labome has identified. Although our search is not exhaustive (it is likely about half of the citations have been identified by Labome), except in the case of two clones REA110 and REA169 for which exhaustive manual searches were undertaken, the increase in the number of citations of REAfinity antibodies over the years is illustrative of the adoption of recombinant antibodies.

YearPublicationsClones
2014 5 6
2015 17 19
2016 30 30
2017 60 51
2018 47 39
Table 3. The number of citations about REAfinity antibodies over the years, as of September 2018. We can not search exhaustively for all clones and products from all publications, thus the number of citations is the minimum.
HuCAL from AbDSerotec

HuCAL recombinant antibodies have been cited since 2008 when HCA024, a human anti-human DJ-1 (oxidized at C106) antibody was cited in an article titled "Role of NonO-histone interaction in TNFalpha-suppressed prolyl-4-hydroxylase alpha1" [140]. The generation of HuCAL recombinant antibodies is based on a 2000 article by Knappik A et al "Fully synthetic human combinatorial antibody libraries (HuCAL) based on modular consensus frameworks and CDRs randomized with trinucleotides" [141]. HuCAL platform and its successor have been employed to generate a number of therapeutic antibody candidates. HuCAL catalog products, along with other AbDSerotec products were sold by HuCAL owner MorphoSys to Bio-Rad in 2012. Currently, there are 292 HuCAL recombinant antibody products, including a number of antibodies against antibody drugs such as Adalimumab, Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, Infliximab, Rituximab, Trastuzumab, Natalizumab, Tocilizumab, Omalizumab, Alemtuzumab, Golimumab, and Ustekinumab. The recombinant antibody reagents are Fab monovalent. In terms of antibody affinity, the monovalent intrinsic affinity of clone 18654 against Adalimumab is 0.16 nM by real-time, label-free molecular interaction analysis using an Attana A200 instrument on immobilized Adalimumab.

Creative Biomart Recombinant Antibodies

Creative Biomart recombinant anti-human TNF antibody scFv fragment MOM-18006-S(P) was used in an ELISA assay to study the effects of methylprednisolone on inflammatory activity and oxidative stress in the lungs of brain-dead rats [142]. Its recombinant antibodies are generated from a process similar to HuCAL in the form of scFv fragments. Labome lists 413 recombinant antibodies from Creative Biomart.

Protein Capture Reagents Program and Recombinant Antibody Network

The NIH-funded Protein Capture Reagents Program (http://proteincapture.org/) includes Rutgers antigen program, Johns Hopkins University monoclonal antibody program, and Recombinant Antibody Network (http://recombinant-antibodies.org/), starting in 2011. Recombinant Antibody Network (RAN) in turn is formed by an international consortium of three expert centers at the University of Chicago, University of Toronto, and the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF). The reagents from this program can be searched at Protein Capture Reagents Program website (http://proteincapture.org/) and purchased from three distributors (DSHB (http://dshb.biology.uiowa.edu/), DNASU (https://dnasu.org/DNASU/), and CDI Laboratories (http://cdi-lab.com/)). Please note some of the reagents are only available from one or two distributors. As of Jan 15, 2015, 754 recombinant antibodies are in the RAN catalog and it appears that most of the recombinant antibodies are in the validation/characterization phase. Seventeen DSHB recombinant antibodies from Protein Capture Reagents Program can be searched at Labome: Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 2 (PCRP-ANAPC2-RAB-C77), Histone chaperone Anti-silencing function 1B (PCRP-ASF1B-RAB-C68), Forkhead box D3 (PCRP-FOXD3-RAB-C99), Methyl-CpG binding domain protein 4 (PCRP-MBD4-RAB-C73), Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD7 (PCRP-SETD7-RAB-C70), Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SMYD3 (PCRP-SMYD3-RAB-C71), T-box transcription factor TBX4 (PCRP-TBX4-RAB-C78), T-box transcription factor TBX4 (PCRP-TBX4-RAB-C80), T-box transcription factor TBX4 (PCRP-TBX4-RAB-C81), VENTX homeobox protein (PCRP-VENTX-RAB-C43), Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 21 (PCRP-ZBTB21-RAB-C85), Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 39 (PCRP-ZBTB39-RAB-C86), Zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 20 (Rabenosyn-5) (PCRP-ZFYVE20-RAB-C12), Zinc fingers and homeoboxes 1 (PCRP-ZHX1-RAB-C59), Zinc finger protein 165 (PCRP-ZNF165-RAB-C92), Zinc finger protein 446 (PCRP-ZNF446-RAB-C26), Zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 29 (PCRP-ZSCAN29-RAB-C3). These recombinant antibodies have dissociation constants ranging from < 1 nM to 64 nM.

The Protein Capture Reagents Program, as a pilot project, ended with no followup in 2015 [143].

Other providers of recombinant antibodies

Several other suppliers are providing recombinant antibodies. These providers include Yumab, Absolute Antibody, BBI Solutions, Adipogen, Randox, and Abcam. Abcam released its 18000th recombinant antibody according to its 2019 annual report. Absolute Antibody has generated over 4,000 recombinant antibody products.

Plasmids for recombinant anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG secondary nanobodies are available from Addgene (IDs 104157–104164) [144]. These nanobodies have the potential to replace widely used polyclonal secondary antibodies [144]. Recombinant antibodies against zebrafish cadherin 2 have been generated to distinguish highly homologous members of the same family and to replace commonly used, yet non-specific polyclonal antibodies [145].

Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to Dr. Kalpana Singh from Miltenyi Biotec for the REAfinity references.

References
  1. Bradbury A, Trinklein N, Thie H, Wilkinson I, Tandon A, Anderson S, et al. When monoclonal antibodies are not monospecific: Hybridomas frequently express additional functional variable regions. MAbs. 2018;10:539-546 pubmed publisher
  2. Khoshnejad M, Brenner J, Motley W, Parhiz H, Greineder C, Villa C, et al. Molecular engineering of antibodies for site-specific covalent conjugation using CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep. 2018;8:1760 pubmed publisher
  3. Bradbury A, Plückthun A. Reproducibility: Standardize antibodies used in research. Nature. 2015;518:27-9 pubmed publisher
  4. Warne T, Edwards P, Doré A, Leslie A, Tate C. Molecular basis for high-affinity agonist binding in GPCRs. Science. 2019;364:775-778 pubmed publisher
  5. Shi R, Shan C, Duan X, Chen Z, Liu P, Song J, et al. A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of SARS-CoV-2. Nature. 2020;584:120-124 pubmed publisher
  6. Ju B, Zhang Q, Ge J, Wang R, Sun J, Ge X, et al. Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nature. 2020;584:115-119 pubmed publisher
  7. Yarrow J, Totsukawa G, Charras G, Mitchison T. Screening for cell migration inhibitors via automated microscopy reveals a Rho-kinase inhibitor. Chem Biol. 2005;12:385-95 pubmed
  8. Kehoe J, Velappan N, Walbolt M, Rasmussen J, King D, Lou J, et al. Using phage display to select antibodies recognizing post-translational modifications independently of sequence context. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2006;5:2350-63 pubmed
  9. Xu J, Deng X, Tang M, Li L, Xiao L, Yang L, et al. Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-1 and tyrosine sulfation of chemokine receptor 4 are induced by Epstein-Barr virus encoded latent membrane protein 1 and associated with the metastatic potential of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e56114 pubmed publisher
  10. Pejchal R, Walker L, Stanfield R, Phogat S, Koff W, Poignard P, et al. Structure and function of broadly reactive antibody PG16 reveal an H3 subdomain that mediates potent neutralization of HIV-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:11483-8 pubmed publisher
  11. Nishimura Y, Wakita T, Shimizu H. Tyrosine sulfation of the amino terminus of PSGL-1 is critical for enterovirus 71 infection. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6:e1001174 pubmed publisher
  12. Friedman J, Alam S, Shen X, Xia S, Stewart S, Anasti K, et al. Isolation of HIV-1-neutralizing mucosal monoclonal antibodies from human colostrum. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e37648 pubmed publisher
  13. Ulaganathan V, Sperl B, Rapp U, Ullrich A. Germline variant FGFR4  p.G388R exposes a membrane-proximal STAT3 binding site. Nature. 2015;528:570-4 pubmed publisher
  14. Seko Y, Fujimura T, Yao T, Taka H, Mineki R, Okumura K, et al. Secreted tyrosine sulfated-eIF5A mediates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Sci Rep. 2015;5:13737 pubmed publisher
  15. Hattori T, Taft J, Swist K, Luo H, Witt H, Slattery M, et al. Recombinant antibodies to histone post-translational modifications. Nat Methods. 2013;10:992-5 pubmed publisher
  16. Hilpert K, Hansen G, Wessner H, Kuttner G, Welfle K, Seifert M, et al. Anti-c-myc antibody 9E10: epitope key positions and variability characterized using peptide spot synthesis on cellulose. Protein Eng. 2001;14:803-6 pubmed
  17. Schiweck W, Buxbaum B, Schätzlein C, Neiss H, Skerra A. Sequence analysis and bacterial production of the anti-c-myc antibody 9E10: the V(H) domain has an extended CDR-H3 and exhibits unusual solubility. FEBS Lett. 1997;414:33-8 pubmed
  18. Fuchs P, Breitling F, Little M, Dubel S. Primary structure and functional scFv antibody expression of an antibody against the human protooncogen c-myc. Hybridoma. 1997;16:227-33 pubmed
  19. Schiffer D, Mellai M, Annovazzi L, Caldera V, Piazzi A, Denysenko T, et al. Stem cell niches in glioblastoma: a neuropathological view. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:725921 pubmed publisher
  20. Sun Y, Song G, Sun N, Chen J, Yang S. Slug overexpression induces stemness and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis. Oncol Lett. 2014;7:1936-1940 pubmed
  21. Keene C, Wilson A, Kilgore M, Bruner L, Postupna N, Darvas M. Luminex-based quantification of Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change in formalin-fixed post-mortem human brain tissue. Lab Invest. 2018;: pubmed publisher
  22. More J, Galusso N, Veloso P, Montecinos L, Finkelstein J, Sanchez G, et al. N-Acetylcysteine Prevents the Spatial Memory Deficits and the Redox-Dependent RyR2 Decrease Displayed by an Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018;10:399 pubmed publisher
  23. Geng Y, Liu X, Liang J, Habiel D, Kulur V, Coelho A, et al. PD-L1 on invasive fibroblasts drives fibrosis in a humanized model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight. 2019;4: pubmed publisher
  24. Lee J, Chang J, Dominguez A, Lee H, Nam S, Chang J, et al. YAP-independent mechanotransduction drives breast cancer progression. Nat Commun. 2019;10:1848 pubmed publisher
  25. Zhang Y, Shi W, Tang S, Li J, Yin S, Gao X, et al. The influence of cathelicidin LL37 in human anti-neutrophils cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013;15:R161 pubmed publisher
  26. Krupna Gaylord M, Liveris D, Love A, Wormser G, Schwartz I, Petzke M. Induction of type I and type III interferons by Borrelia burgdorferi correlates with pathogenesis and requires linear plasmid 36. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e100174 pubmed publisher
  27. Pahng A, Paulsen R, McGinn M, Edwards K, Edwards S. Neurobiological Correlates of Pain Avoidance-Like Behavior in Morphine-Dependent and Non-Dependent Rats. Neuroscience. 2017;366:1-14 pubmed publisher
  28. Arcuri L, Novello S, Frassineti M, Mercatelli D, Pisano C, Morella I, et al. Antiparkinsonian and antidyskinetic profiles of two novel potent and selective nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor agonists. Br J Pharmacol. 2017;: pubmed publisher
  29. Weng Y, An R, Cassin J, Joseph J, Mi R, Wang C, et al. An Intrinsic Epigenetic Barrier for Functional Axon Regeneration. Neuron. 2017;94:337-346.e6 pubmed publisher
  30. Weng Y, Wang X, An R, Cassin J, Vissers C, Liu Y, et al. Epitranscriptomic m6A Regulation of Axon Regeneration in the Adult Mammalian Nervous System. Neuron. 2018;97:313-325.e6 pubmed publisher
  31. Vanders R, Gibson P, Murphy V, Wark P. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and CD8 T cells from pregnant women show altered phenotype and function following H1N1/09 infection. J Infect Dis. 2013;208:1062-70 pubmed publisher
  32. Jardine L, Barge D, Ames Draycott A, Pagan S, Cookson S, Spickett G, et al. Rapid detection of dendritic cell and monocyte disorders using CD4 as a lineage marker of the human peripheral blood antigen-presenting cell compartment. Front Immunol. 2013;4:495 pubmed publisher
  33. Patterson D, Roberts J, King V, Houserova D, Barnhill E, Crucello A, et al. Human snoRNA-93 is processed into a microRNA-like RNA that promotes breast cancer cell invasion. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2017;3:25 pubmed publisher
  34. Wierzbicki M, Jaworski S, Kutwin M, Grodzik M, Strojny B, Kurantowicz N, et al. Diamond, graphite, and graphene oxide nanoparticles decrease migration and invasiveness in glioblastoma cell lines by impairing extracellular adhesion. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017;12:7241-7254 pubmed publisher
  35. Mahaweni N, Ehlers F, Sarkar S, Janssen J, Tilanus M, Bos G, et al. NKG2A Expression Is Not per se Detrimental for the Anti-Multiple Myeloma Activity of Activated Natural Killer Cells in an In Vitro System Mimicking the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1415 pubmed publisher
  36. Bonacini M, Soriano A, Zerbini A, Calò E, Cimino L, Muratore F, et al. Higher Frequencies of Lymphocytes Expressing the Natural Killer Group 2D Receptor in Patients With Behçet Disease. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2157 pubmed publisher
  37. Vaccari M, Fourati S, Gordon S, Brown D, Bissa M, Schifanella L, et al. HIV vaccine candidate activation of hypoxia and the inflammasome in CD14+ monocytes is associated with a decreased risk of SIVmac251 acquisition. Nat Med. 2018;24:847-856 pubmed publisher
  38. Fan X, Guo D, Cheung A, Poon Z, Yap C, Goh S, et al. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC)-Derived Combination of CXCL5 and Anti-CCL24 Is Synergistic and Superior to MSC and Cyclosporine for the Treatment of Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018;24:1971-1980 pubmed publisher
  39. Kang T, Choi S, Yang S, Shin T, Kim H, Yu K, et al. Growth arrest and forced differentiation of human primary glioblastoma multiforme by a novel small molecule. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5546 pubmed publisher
  40. Andre P, Denis C, Soulas C, Bourbon Caillet C, Lopez J, Arnoux T, et al. Anti-NKG2A mAb Is a Checkpoint Inhibitor that Promotes Anti-tumor Immunity by Unleashing Both T and NK Cells. Cell. 2018;175:1731-1743.e13 pubmed publisher
  41. Dumont A, de Rosny C, Kieu T, Perrey S, Berger H, Fluckiger A, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits both NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and JNK-mediated mature IL-1β secretion in 5-fluorouracil-treated MDSC: implication in cancer treatment. Cell Death Dis. 2019;10:485 pubmed publisher
  42. Talebi A, Dehairs J, Rambow F, Rogiers A, Nittner D, Derua R, et al. Sustained SREBP-1-dependent lipogenesis as a key mediator of resistance to BRAF-targeted therapy. Nat Commun. 2018;9:2500 pubmed publisher
  43. Liu S, Chen L, Xu Y. Significance of PYK2 level as a prognosis predictor in patients with colon adenocarcinoma after surgical resection. Onco Targets Ther. 2018;11:7625-7634 pubmed publisher
  44. Rahman M, Spitzhorn L, Wruck W, Hagenbeck C, Balan P, Graffmann N, et al. The presence of human mesenchymal stem cells of renal origin in amniotic fluid increases with gestational time. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018;9:113 pubmed publisher
  45. Klein T, Günther K, Kwok C, Edenhofer F, Uceyler N. Generation of the human induced pluripotent stem cell line (UKWNLi001-A) from skin fibroblasts of a woman with Fabry disease carrying the X-chromosomal heterozygous c.708 G > C (W236C) missense mutation in exon 5 of the alpha-galactosidase-A gene. Stem Cell Res. 2018;31:222-226 pubmed publisher
  46. Barker N, Rookmaaker M, Kujala P, Ng A, Leushacke M, Snippert H, et al. Lgr5(+ve) stem/progenitor cells contribute to nephron formation during kidney development. Cell Rep. 2012;2:540-52 pubmed publisher
  47. Dame M, Jiang Y, Appelman H, Copley K, McClintock S, Aslam M, et al. Human colonic crypts in culture: segregation of immunochemical markers in normal versus adenoma-derived. Lab Invest. 2014;94:222-34 pubmed publisher
  48. Cooper G, Ostridge K, Khakoo S, Wilkinson T, Staples K. Human CD49a+ Lung Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity in Response to Influenza A Virus. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1671 pubmed publisher
  49. Sade Feldman M, Yizhak K, Bjorgaard S, Ray J, de Boer C, Jenkins R, et al. Defining T Cell States Associated with Response to Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Melanoma. Cell. 2018;175:998-1013.e20 pubmed publisher
  50. Moschella F, Torelli G, Valentini M, Urbani F, Buccione C, Petrucci M, et al. Cyclophosphamide induces a type I interferon-associated sterile inflammatory response signature in cancer patients' blood cells: implications for cancer chemoimmunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19:4249-61 pubmed publisher
  51. Julian M, Shao G, Bao S, Knoell D, Papenfuss T, Vangundy Z, et al. Mitochondrial transcription factor A serves as a danger signal by augmenting plasmacytoid dendritic cell responses to DNA. J Immunol. 2012;189:433-43 pubmed publisher
  52. Matsui H, Tomizawa H, Eiho K, Kashiwazaki Y, Edwards S, Biffen M, et al. Mechanism of action of inhibition of allergic immune responses by a novel antedrug TLR7 agonist. J Immunol. 2012;189:5194-205 pubmed publisher
  53. Charpentier M, Khedher A, Menoret S, Brion A, Lamribet K, Dardillac E, et al. CtIP fusion to Cas9 enhances transgene integration by homology-dependent repair. Nat Commun. 2018;9:1133 pubmed publisher
  54. García M, Górgolas M, Cabello A, Estrada V, Ligos J, Fernández Guerrero M, et al. Peripheral T follicular helper Cells Make a Difference in HIV Reservoir Size between Elite Controllers and Patients on Successful cART. Sci Rep. 2017;7:16799 pubmed publisher
  55. Nguyen X, Dauvilliers Y, Quériault C, Pérals C, Romieu Mourez R, Paulet P, et al. Circulating follicular helper T cells exhibit reduced ICOS expression and impaired function in narcolepsy type 1 patients. J Autoimmun. 2018;94:134-142 pubmed publisher
  56. Jeffery H, Jeffery L, Lutz P, Corrigan M, Webb G, Hirschfield G, et al. Low-dose interleukin-2 promotes STAT-5 phosphorylation, Treg survival and CTLA-4-dependent function in autoimmune liver diseases. Clin Exp Immunol. 2017;188:394-411 pubmed publisher
  57. Delso Vallejo M, Kollet J, Koehl U, Huppert V. Influence of Irradiated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells on Both Ex Vivo Proliferation of Human Natural Killer Cells and Change in Cellular Property. Front Immunol. 2017;8:854 pubmed publisher
  58. Trotter J, Karram K, Nishiyama A. NG2 cells: Properties, progeny and origin. Brain Res Rev. 2010;63:72-82 pubmed publisher
  59. Zhu X, Hill R, Dietrich D, Komitova M, Suzuki R, Nishiyama A. Age-dependent fate and lineage restriction of single NG2 cells. Development. 2011;138:745-53 pubmed publisher
  60. Gu C, Borjabad A, Hadas E, Kelschenbach J, Kim B, Chao W, et al. EcoHIV infection of mice establishes latent viral reservoirs in T cells and active viral reservoirs in macrophages that are sufficient for induction of neurocognitive impairment. PLoS Pathog. 2018;14:e1007061 pubmed publisher
  61. Siegmund D, Ehrenschwender M, Wajant H. TNFR2 unlocks a RIPK1 kinase activity-dependent mode of proinflammatory TNFR1 signaling. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9:921 pubmed publisher
  62. Tesmer L, Lundy S, Sarkar S, Fox D. Th17 cells in human disease. Immunol Rev. 2008;223:87-113 pubmed publisher
  63. Cosmi L, De Palma R, Santarlasci V, Maggi L, Capone M, Frosali F, et al. Human interleukin 17-producing cells originate from a CD161+CD4+ T cell precursor. J Exp Med. 2008;205:1903-16 pubmed publisher
  64. Tilly G, Doan Ngoc T, Yap M, Caristan A, Jacquemont L, Danger R, et al. IL-15 Harnesses Pro-inflammatory Function of TEMRA CD8 in Kidney-Transplant Recipients. Front Immunol. 2017;8:778 pubmed publisher
  65. Frascaroli G, Lecher C, Varani S, Setz C, van der Merwe J, Brune W, et al. Human Macrophages Escape Inhibition of Major Histocompatibility Complex-Dependent Antigen Presentation by Cytomegalovirus and Drive Proliferation and Activation of Memory CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1129 pubmed publisher
  66. Liu H, Zhang W, Jia Y, Yu Q, Grau G, Peng L, et al. Single-cell clones of liver cancer stem cells have the potential of differentiating into different types of tumor cells. Cell Death Dis. 2013;4:e857 pubmed publisher
  67. Lian W, Zhang H, Wang K, Jiang J, Su Z, Yu Z. Varying levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α and thromboxane B2 in serum and endothelialization and hyperplasia in small-diameter grafts seeded with CD34+ bone marrow cells in canines. Exp Ther Med. 2014;7:1123-1129 pubmed
  68. Byrne D, Li Y, Ngamlert P, Ramakrishnan K, Eyers C, Wells C, et al. New tools for evaluating protein tyrosine sulfation: tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPSTs) are novel targets for RAF protein kinase inhibitors. Biochem J. 2018;475:2435-2455 pubmed publisher
  69. Min H, Yun H, Lee J, Lee H, Cho J, Jang H, et al. Targeting the insulin-like growth factor receptor and Src signaling network for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer. 2015;14:113 pubmed publisher
  70. Petridou N, Skourides P. A ligand-independent integrin β1 mechanosensory complex guides spindle orientation. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10899 pubmed publisher
  71. Overgaard C, Schlingmann B, Dorsainvil White S, Ward C, Fan X, Swarnakar S, et al. The relative balance of GM-CSF and TGF-β1 regulates lung epithelial barrier function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2015;308:L1212-23 pubmed publisher
  72. Krah N, De La O J, Swift G, Hoang C, Willet S, Chen Pan F, et al. The acinar differentiation determinant PTF1A inhibits initiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. elife. 2015;4: pubmed publisher
  73. Brown M, Kim Y, Williams G, Huck J, Surtees J, Finkelstein I. Dynamic DNA binding licenses a repair factor to bypass roadblocks in search of DNA lesions. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10607 pubmed publisher
  74. Brown M, de la Torre A, Finkelstein I. Inserting Extrahelical Structures into Long DNA Substrates for Single-Molecule Studies of DNA Mismatch Repair. Methods Enzymol. 2017;582:221-238 pubmed publisher
  75. Grozdanović M, ÄŒavić M, NeÅ¡ić A, Andjelković U, Akbari P, Smit J, et al. Kiwifruit cysteine protease actinidin compromises the intestinal barrier by disrupting tight junctions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016;1860:516-26 pubmed publisher
  76. Springler A, Hessenberger S, Schatzmayr G, Mayer E. Early Activation of MAPK p44/42 Is Partially Involved in DON-Induced Disruption of the Intestinal Barrier Function and Tight Junction Network. Toxins (Basel). 2016;8: pubmed publisher
  77. Forlenza C, Boudreau J, Zheng J, Le Luduec J, Chamberlain E, Heller G, et al. KIR3DL1 Allelic Polymorphism and HLA-B Epitopes Modulate Response to Anti-GD2 Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:2443-51 pubmed publisher
  78. Garrido C, Spivak A, Soriano Sarabia N, Checkley M, Barker E, Karn J, et al. HIV Latency-Reversing Agents Have Diverse Effects on Natural Killer Cell Function. Front Immunol. 2016;7:356 pubmed
  79. Campbell S, Knipper J, Rückerl D, Finlay C, Logan N, Minutti C, et al. Myeloid cell recruitment versus local proliferation differentiates susceptibility from resistance to filarial infection. elife. 2018;7: pubmed publisher
  80. Hyrenius Wittsten A, Pilheden M, Sturesson H, Hansson J, Walsh M, Song G, et al. De novo activating mutations drive clonal evolution and enhance clonal fitness in KMT2A-rearranged leukemia. Nat Commun. 2018;9:1770 pubmed publisher
  81. Lino C, Barros Martins J, Oberdörfer L, Walzer T, Prinz I. Eomes expression reports the progressive differentiation of IFN-?-producing Th1-like ?? T cells. Eur J Immunol. 2017;47:970-981 pubmed publisher
  82. Escribà Garcia L, Alvarez Fernández C, Tellez Gabriel M, Sierra J, Briones J. Dendritic cells combined with tumor cells and ?-galactosylceramide induce a potent, therapeutic and NK-cell dependent antitumor immunity in B cell lymphoma. J Transl Med. 2017;15:115 pubmed publisher
  83. Lim A, Li Y, Lopez Lastra S, Stadhouders R, Paul F, Casrouge A, et al. Systemic Human ILC Precursors Provide a Substrate for Tissue ILC Differentiation. Cell. 2017;168:1086-1100.e10 pubmed publisher
  84. Jeffery H, McDowell P, Lutz P, Wawman R, Roberts S, Bagnall C, et al. Human intrahepatic ILC2 are IL-13positive amphiregulinpositive and their frequency correlates with model of end stage liver disease score. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0188649 pubmed publisher
  85. Ronaghan N, Shang J, Iablokov V, Zaheer R, Colarusso P, Dion S, et al. The serine protease-mediated increase in intestinal epithelial barrier function is dependent on occludin and requires an intact tight junction. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2016;311:G466-79 pubmed publisher
  86. Jennek S, Mittag S, Reiche J, Westphal J, Seelk S, Dörfel M, et al. Tricellulin is a target of the ubiquitin ligase Itch. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2017;1397:157-168 pubmed publisher
  87. den Hartog G, van Osch T, Vos M, Meijer B, Savelkoul H, van Neerven R, et al. BAFF augments IgA2 and IL-10 production by TLR7/8 stimulated total peripheral blood B cells. Eur J Immunol. 2018;48:283-292 pubmed publisher
  88. Dorraji S, Hovd A, Kanapathippillai P, Bakland G, Eilertsen G, Figenschau S, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells and T cells in the formation of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Lupus Nephritis. Sci Rep. 2018;8:7861 pubmed publisher
  89. Gavin M, Torgerson T, Houston E, deRoos P, Ho W, Stray Pedersen A, et al. Single-cell analysis of normal and FOXP3-mutant human T cells: FOXP3 expression without regulatory T cell development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:6659-64 pubmed
  90. Lamprecht B, Kreher S, Anagnostopoulos I, Johrens K, Monteleone G, Jundt F, et al. Aberrant expression of the Th2 cytokine IL-21 in Hodgkin lymphoma cells regulates STAT3 signaling and attracts Treg cells via regulation of MIP-3alpha. Blood. 2008;112:3339-47 pubmed publisher
  91. Daneshmanesh A, Hojjat Farsangi M, Khan A, Jeddi Tehrani M, Akhondi M, Bayat A, et al. Monoclonal antibodies against ROR1 induce apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Leukemia. 2012;26:1348-55 pubmed publisher
  92. Baskar S, Wiestner A, Wilson W, Pastan I, Rader C. Targeting malignant B cells with an immunotoxin against ROR1. MAbs. 2012;4:349-61 pubmed publisher
  93. Hunter S, Willcox C, Davey M, Kasatskaya S, Jeffery H, Chudakov D, et al. Human liver infiltrating γδ T cells are composed of clonally expanded circulating and tissue-resident populations. J Hepatol. 2018;69:654-665 pubmed publisher
  94. Armas González E, Domínguez Luis M, Díaz Martín A, Arce Franco M, Castro Hernandez J, Danelon G, et al. Role of CXCL13 and CCL20 in the recruitment of B cells to inflammatory foci in chronic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018;20:114 pubmed publisher
  95. Chaudhury S, Duncan E, Atre T, Storme C, Beck K, Kaba S, et al. Identification of Immune Signatures of Novel Adjuvant Formulations Using Machine Learning. Sci Rep. 2018;8:17508 pubmed publisher
  96. Warren H. The Eighth Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigen (HLDA8) Workshop: natural killer cell section report. Cell Immunol. 2005;236:17-20 pubmed
  97. Chaput N, Flament C, Locher C, Desbois M, Rey A, Rusakiewicz S, et al. Phase I clinical trial combining imatinib mesylate and IL-2: HLA-DR+ NK cell levels correlate with disease outcome. Oncoimmunology. 2013;2:e23080 pubmed
  98. Yue J, Lai F, Beckedorff F, Zhang A, Pastori C, Shiekhattar R. Integrator orchestrates RAS/ERK1/2 signaling transcriptional programs. Genes Dev. 2017;31:1809-1820 pubmed publisher
  99. Ahmad F, Salahuddin M, Alsamman K, Herzallah H, Al Otaibi S. Neonatal maternal deprivation impairs localized de novo activity-induced protein translation at the synapse in the rat hippocampus. Biosci Rep. 2018;38: pubmed publisher
  100. Dvoriantchikova G, Ivanov D. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediates activation of NF-κB and JNK signaling cascades in retinal ganglion cells and astrocytes in opposite ways. Eur J Neurosci. 2014;40:3171-8 pubmed publisher
  101. Zhou Y, Hong F, Tian Y, Zhao X, Hong J, Ze Y, et al. Nanoparticulate titanium dioxide-inhibited dendritic development is involved in apoptosis and autophagy of hippocampal neurons in offspring mice. Toxicol Res (Camb). 2017;6:889-901 pubmed publisher
  102. Niu Y, Dai Z, Liu W, Zhang C, Yang Y, Guo Z, et al. Ablation of SNX6 leads to defects in synaptic function of CA1 pyramidal neurons and spatial memory. elife. 2017;6: pubmed publisher
  103. Shami Shah A, Batrouni A, Kim D, Punyala A, Cao W, Han C, et al. PLEKHA4/kramer Attenuates Dishevelled Ubiquitination to Modulate Wnt and Planar Cell Polarity Signaling. Cell Rep. 2019;27:2157-2170.e8 pubmed publisher
  104. Bernal A, Moltó Abad M, Dominguez D, Tusell L. Acute telomere deprotection prevents ongoing BFB cycles and rampant instability in p16INK4a-deficient epithelial cells. Oncotarget. 2018;9:27151-27170 pubmed publisher
  105. Bernal A, Zafon E, Dominguez D, Bertran E, Tusell L. Generation of Immortalised But Unstable Cells after hTERT Introduction in Telomere-Compromised and p53-Deficient vHMECs. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19: pubmed publisher
  106. Wang Y, Ma C, Ling Y, Bousfiha A, Camcioglu Y, Jacquot S, et al. Dual T cell- and B cell-intrinsic deficiency in humans with biallelic RLTPR mutations. J Exp Med. 2016;213:2413-2435 pubmed
  107. Lévy R, Okada S, Béziat V, Moriya K, Liu C, Chai L, et al. Genetic, immunological, and clinical features of patients with bacterial and fungal infections due to inherited IL-17RA deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113:E8277-E8285 pubmed publisher
  108. Chapel A, Garcia Beltran W, Hölzemer A, Ziegler M, Lunemann S, Martrus G, et al. Peptide-specific engagement of the activating NK cell receptor KIR2DS1. Sci Rep. 2017;7:2414 pubmed publisher
  109. Jackson E, Zhang C, Kiani Z, Lisovsky I, Tallon B, Del Corpo A, et al. HIV exposed seronegative (HESN) compared to HIV infected individuals have higher frequencies of telomeric Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) B motifs; Contribution of KIR B motif encoded genes to NK cell responsiveness. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0185160 pubmed publisher
  110. Dulberger C, McMurtrey C, Hölzemer A, Neu K, Liu V, Steinbach A, et al. Human Leukocyte Antigen F Presents Peptides and Regulates Immunity through Interactions with NK Cell Receptors. Immunity. 2017;46:1018-1029.e7 pubmed publisher
  111. Kiani Z, Dupuy F, Bruneau J, Lebouché B, Zhang C, Jackson E, et al. HLA-F on HLA-Null 721.221 Cells Activates Primary NK Cells Expressing the Activating Killer Ig-like Receptor KIR3DS1. J Immunol. 2018;201:113-123 pubmed publisher
  112. Thackeray J, Bankstahl J, Wang Y, Wollert K, Bengel F. Targeting Amino Acid Metabolism for Molecular Imaging of Inflammation Early After Myocardial Infarction. Theranostics. 2016;6:1768-79 pubmed publisher
  113. Monti M, Iommelli F, De Rosa V, Carriero M, Miceli R, Camerlingo R, et al. Integrin-dependent cell adhesion to neutrophil extracellular traps through engagement of fibronectin in neutrophil-like cells. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0171362 pubmed publisher
  114. Molgora M, Bonavita E, Ponzetta A, Riva F, Barbagallo M, Jaillon S, et al. IL-1R8 is a checkpoint in NK cells regulating anti-tumour and anti-viral activity. Nature. 2017;551:110-114 pubmed publisher
  115. Liakopoulos V, Jeron A, Shah A, Bruder D, Mertens P, Gorny X. Hemodialysis-related changes in phenotypical features of monocytes. Sci Rep. 2018;8:13964 pubmed publisher
  116. Dalerba P, Dylla S, Park I, Liu R, Wang X, Cho R, et al. Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104:10158-63 pubmed
  117. Wang L, Huang X, Zheng X, Wang X, Li S, Zhang L, et al. Enrichment of prostate cancer stem-like cells from human prostate cancer cell lines by culture in serum-free medium and chemoradiotherapy. Int J Biol Sci. 2013;9:472-9 pubmed publisher
  118. Lai C, Mager D. Role of runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) in transcription regulation of natural cytotoxicity receptor 1 (NCR1/NKp46), an activating natural killer (NK) cell receptor. J Biol Chem. 2012;287:7324-34 pubmed publisher
  119. Capuano C, Battella S, Pighi C, Franchitti L, Turriziani O, Morrone S, et al. Tumor-Targeting Anti-CD20 Antibodies Mediate In Vitro Expansion of Memory Natural Killer Cells: Impact of CD16 Affinity Ligation Conditions and In Vivo Priming. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1031 pubmed publisher
  120. Sachdeva M, Duchateau P, Depil S, Poirot L, Valton J. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor inactivation in CAR T-cells prevents monocyte-dependent release of key cytokine release syndrome mediators. J Biol Chem. 2019;294:5430-5437 pubmed publisher
  121. Koch U, Fiorini E, Benedito R, Besseyrias V, Schuster Gossler K, Pierres M, et al. Delta-like 4 is the essential, nonredundant ligand for Notch1 during thymic T cell lineage commitment. J Exp Med. 2008;205:2515-23 pubmed publisher
  122. Radtke F, Fasnacht N, MacDonald H. Notch signaling in the immune system. Immunity. 2010;32:14-27 pubmed publisher
  123. Yokoi H, Choi O, Hubbard W, Lee H, Canning B, Lee H, et al. Inhibition of FcepsilonRI-dependent mediator release and calcium flux from human mast cells by sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 8 engagement. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121:499-505.e1 pubmed
  124. Hammad H, Plantinga M, Deswarte K, Pouliot P, Willart M, Kool M, et al. Inflammatory dendritic cells--not basophils--are necessary and sufficient for induction of Th2 immunity to inhaled house dust mite allergen. J Exp Med. 2010;207:2097-111 pubmed publisher
  125. Lugo Villarino G, Maldonado Lopez R, Possemato R, Penaranda C, Glimcher L. T-bet is required for optimal production of IFN-gamma and antigen-specific T cell activation by dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:7749-54 pubmed
  126. Qian L, Zhang M, Wu S, Zhong Y, Van Tol E, Cai W. Alkylglycerols modulate the proliferation and differentiation of non-specific agonist and specific antigen-stimulated splenic lymphocytes. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e96207 pubmed publisher
  127. Yan Y, Devos T, Yu L, Xia G, Rutgeerts O, Goebels J, et al. Pathogenesis of autoimmunity after xenogeneic thymus transplantation. J Immunol. 2003;170:5936-46 pubmed
  128. Muller I, Kordowich S, Holzwarth C, Spano C, Isensee G, Staiber A, et al. Animal serum-free culture conditions for isolation and expansion of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from human BM. Cytotherapy. 2006;8:437-44 pubmed
  129. Chatterjee S, Behnam Azad B, Nimmagadda S. The intricate role of CXCR4 in cancer. Adv Cancer Res. 2014;124:31-82 pubmed publisher
  130. Chen Y, Ramjiawan R, Reiberger T, Ng M, Hato T, Huang Y, et al. CXCR4 inhibition in tumor microenvironment facilitates anti-programmed death receptor-1 immunotherapy in sorafenib-treated hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Hepatology. 2015;61:1591-602 pubmed publisher
  131. Pende D, Spaggiari G, Marcenaro S, Martini S, Rivera P, Capobianco A, et al. Analysis of the receptor-ligand interactions in the natural killer-mediated lysis of freshly isolated myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemias: evidence for the involvement of the Poliovirus receptor (CD155) and Nectin-2 (CD112). Blood. 2005;105:2066-73 pubmed
  132. Castriconi R, Dondero A, Corrias M, Lanino E, Pende D, Moretta L, et al. Natural killer cell-mediated killing of freshly isolated neuroblastoma cells: critical role of DNAX accessory molecule-1-poliovirus receptor interaction. Cancer Res. 2004;64:9180-4 pubmed
  133. Jones S, Nixon K, Chubak M, Kramer J. Mushroom Body Specific Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Dynamic Regulation of Learning and Memory Genes After Acquisition of Long-Term Courtship Memory in Drosophila. G3 (Bethesda). 2018;8:3433-3446 pubmed publisher
  134. Dubrac A, Künzel S, Künzel S, Li J, Chandran R, Martin K, et al. NCK-dependent pericyte migration promotes pathological neovascularization in ischemic retinopathy. Nat Commun. 2018;9:3463 pubmed publisher
  135. Marcon E, Jain H, Bhattacharya A, Guo H, Phanse S, Pu S, et al. Assessment of a method to characterize antibody selectivity and specificity for use in immunoprecipitation. Nat Methods. 2015;12:725-31 pubmed publisher
  136. Vegran F, Berger H, Boidot R, Mignot G, Bruchard M, Dosset M, et al. The transcription factor IRF1 dictates the IL-21-dependent anticancer functions of TH9 cells. Nat Immunol. 2014;15:758-66 pubmed publisher
  137. Lehmann C, Jung N, Förster K, Koch N, Leifeld L, Fischer J, et al. Longitudinal analysis of distribution and function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in peripheral blood and gut mucosa of HIV infected patients. J Infect Dis. 2014;209:940-9 pubmed publisher
  138. Bacher P, Kniemeyer O, Teutschbein J, Thön M, Vödisch M, Wartenberg D, et al. Identification of immunogenic antigens from Aspergillus fumigatus by direct multiparameter characterization of specific conventional and regulatory CD4+ T cells. J Immunol. 2014;193:3332-43 pubmed publisher
  139. Souza Fonseca Guimaraes F, Young A, Mittal D, Martinet L, Bruedigam C, Takeda K, et al. NK cells require IL-28R for optimal in vivo activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112:E2376-84 pubmed publisher
  140. Zhang C, Zhang M, Shen Y, Burks J, Li X, LeMaire S, et al. Role of NonO-histone interaction in TNFalpha-suppressed prolyl-4-hydroxylase alpha1. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008;1783:1517-28 pubmed publisher
  141. Knappik A, Ge L, Honegger A, Pack P, Fischer M, Wellnhofer G, et al. Fully synthetic human combinatorial antibody libraries (HuCAL) based on modular consensus frameworks and CDRs randomized with trinucleotides. J Mol Biol. 2000;296:57-86 pubmed
  142. Pilla E, Pereira R, Forgiarini Junior L, Forgiarini L, Paludo A, Kulczynski J, et al. Effects of methylprednisolone on inflammatory activity and oxidative stress in the lungs of brain-dead rats. J Bras Pneumol. 2013;39:173-80 pubmed
  143. . Protein binder woes. Nat Methods. 2015;12:373 pubmed
  144. Pleiner T, Bates M, Gorlich D. A toolbox of anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG secondary nanobodies. J Cell Biol. 2018;217:1143-1154 pubmed publisher
  145. Russo G, Theisen U, Fahr W, Helmsing S, Hust M, Köster R, et al. Sequence defined antibodies improve the detection of cadherin 2 (N-cadherin) during zebrafish development. N Biotechnol. 2018;45:98-112 pubmed publisher
ISSN : 2329-5139