antibody

HLA Class 1 Antigen A11

MBS601315

0.1 mL

375 USD

monoclonal

mouse

nonconjugated

[4i93]

Antibody

HLA Class 1 Antigen A11

[HLA Class 1 Antigen A11]

[Anti -HLA Class 1 Antigen A11]

[HLA-D class II antigen DR1 beta chain]

Monoclonal

IgG2a

[4i93]

Mouse

Human

Recognizes human HLA Class 1 Antigen-A11. Cytotoxicity Cross reactivity: HLA class 1, A3. Specificity was determined at a 1:10 dilution for the microcytotoxicity test under standard NIH conditions.

Ascites

Supplied as a lyophilized powder from PBS, 1% BSA. Reconstitute with 100ul sterile ddH2O to make a 10X stock solution.

Lyophilized and reconstituted products are stable for 12 months after receipt at -20°C. Reconstitute with sterile ddH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

This antibody has not been tested in methodologies other than Microcytotoxicity Test. Potential applications include Flow Cytometry, Cell Typing, Tissue Staining and Chimerism Studies.

Cytotoxicity: Add 0.9ml of 1% BSA in PBS to 100ul of 10X working dilution. Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Expected Results:. Cell death will occur in any test well where the HLA cell surface antigen is recognized by its matched anti-HLA antibody. Live lymphocytes indicate a negative reaction. Dead lymphocytes indicate a positive reaction. Limitations:. Cell isolation difficulties, contamination of the lymphocyte preparation with red blood cells, monocytes, platelets or granulocytes, cell concentrations outside acceptable levels, bacterial contamination and/or change in pH of antisera may cause erroneous results.

Immunogen: T cells expressing HLA class I antigen

Antibodies; Abs to HLA

3205175

BAA28762.1

HLA-DRB1 belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogs. The class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DRA) and a beta chain (DRB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa. It is encoded by 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide; exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains; exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain; and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DR molecule the beta chain contains all the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities. Hundreds of DRB1 alleles have been described and typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. DRB1 is expressed at a level five times higher than its paralogs DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. DRB1 is present in all individuals. Allelic variants of DRB1 are linked with either none or one of the genes DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. There are 4 related pseudogenes: DRB2, DRB6, DRB7, DRB8 and DRB9. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

HLA-DRB1 iso2: Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route; where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules; and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments; exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides; autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs; other cells of the gastrointestinal tract; such as epithelial cells; express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs; which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen; three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs; CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases; including CTSS and CTSL; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells; the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules; increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading. Genetic variation in HLA-DRB1 is a cause of susceptibility to sarcoidosis type 1 (SS1). Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved. Belongs to the MHC class II family. Protein type: Membrane protein, integral. Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 6p21.3. Cellular Component: Golgi membrane; cell surface; membrane; integral to plasma membrane; late endosome membrane; lysosomal membrane; plasma membrane; trans-Golgi network membrane; MHC class II protein complex; external side of plasma membrane. Molecular Function: MHC class II receptor activity; peptide antigen binding. Biological Process: T-helper 1 type immune response; detection of bacterium; cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway; antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II; immunoglobulin production during immune response; T cell receptor signaling pathway; polysaccharide assembly with MHC class II protein complex; humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin; inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus; negative regulation of T cell proliferation; peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex; regulation of interleukin-4 production; negative regulation of interferon-gamma production; T cell costimulation; immune response; protein tetramerization

0.1 mL

375 USD