catalog number :
MBS502133
products full name :
Anti-Phospho-Ser31 Tyrosine Hydroxylase
products short name :
Tyrosine Hydroxylase (Ser31)
other names :
tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; tyrosine 3-hydroxylase; tyrosine hydroxylase; Tyrosine 3-hydroxylase
other gene names :
Th; Th; The; TH
uniprot entry name :
TY3H_RAT
specificity :
Specific for the ~60k tyrosine hydroxylase protein phosphorylated at Ser31.
purity :
Affinity Purified (Prepared from rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho- and dephosphopeptide affinity columns.)
form :
100 ul in 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 ug per ml BSA and 50% glycerol. Adequate amount of material to conduct 10-mini Western Blots.
storage stability :
For long term storage -20 degree C is recommended. Stable at -20 degree C for at least 1 year.
tested application :
Western Blot (WB), Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
app notes :
Quality Control: Western blots performed on each lot. WB: 1:1000. IHC (frozen sections; Witkovsky et al., 2000): 1:1000. IF (frozen sections; Witkovsky et al., 2000): 1:1000
other info1 :
Antigen: Phosphopeptide corresponding to amino acid residues surrounding phospho-Ser31 of rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Immunogen Information: Synthetic phospho-peptide corresponding to amino acid residues surrounding Ser31 conjugated to KLH. Immunogen Species: Rat
other info2 :
Reactivity Assumed Based on 100% Sequence Homology: Non-human primates. Species Reactivity Note: The antibody has been directly tested for reactivity in Western blots in rat and mouse tissues. It is anticipated that the antibody will also work with non-human primate tissues based on the fact that this species has 100% homology with the amino acid sequence used as antigen. Biological Significance: Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine. TH antibodies can therefore be used as markers for dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in a variety of applications including depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and drug abuse (Kish et al., 2001; Zhu et al., 2000; Zhu et al., 1999). TH antibodies can also be used to explore basic mechanisms of dopamine and norepinephrine signaling (Witkovsky et al., 2000; Salvatore et al., 2001; Dunkley et al., 2004). The activity of TH is also regulated by phosphorylation (Haycock et al., 1982; Haycock et al., 1992; Jedynak et al., 2002). Phospho-specific antibodies for the phosphorylation sites on TH can be used to great effect in studying this regulation and in identifying the cells in which TH phosphorylation occurs.
products description :
Affinity purified rabbit polyclonal antibody
products references :
Dunkley PR, Bobrovskaya L, Graham ME, Von Nagy-Felsobuki EI, Dickson PW (2004) Tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation: regulation and consequences. J Neurochem 91:1025-1043. Haycock JW, Ahn NG, Cobb MH, Krebs EG (1992) ERK1 and ERK2, two microtubule-associated protein 2 kinases, mediate the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase at serine-31 in situ. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 89:2365-2369. Haycock JW, Bennett WF, George RJ, Waymire JC (1982) Multiple site phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase. Differential regulation in situ by a 8-bromo-cAMP and acetylcholine. J Biol Chem 257:13699-13703. Jedynak JP, Ali SF, Haycock JW, Hope BT (2002) Acute administration of cocaine regulates the phosphorylation of serine-19,-31 and-40 in tyrosine hydroxylase. J Neurochem 82:382-388. Kish SJ, Kalasinsky KS, Derkach P, Schmunk GA, Guttman M, Ang L, Adams V, Furukawa Y, Haycock JW (2001) Striatal dopaminergic and serotonergic markers in human heroin users. Neuropsychopharmacology 24:561-567.
ncbi acc num :
NP_036872.1
ncbi gb acc num :
NM_012740.3
ncbi pathways :
Alcoholism Pathway (585585); Alcoholism Pathway (587116); Amine-derived Hormones Pathway (935647); Amphetamine Addiction Pathway (547642); Amphetamine Addiction Pathway (550546); Biogenic Amine Synthesis Pathway (198489); Catecholamine Biosynthesis Pathway (935648); Catecholamine Biosynthesis, Tyrosine = Dopamine = Noradrenaline = Adrenaline Pathway (434674); Catecholamine Biosynthesis, Tyrosine = Dopamine = Noradrenaline = Adrenaline Pathway (468235); Catecholamine Synthesis Pathway (198533)
ncbi summary :
catalyzes the rate limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis; may be involved in response to hypoxia [RGD, Feb 2006]
uniprot summary :
Function: Plays an important role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons. Catalytic activity: L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin. Cofactor: Fe2+ ion. Enzyme regulation: Phosphorylation leads to an increase in the catalytic activity. Pathway: Catecholamine biosynthesis; dopamine biosynthesis; dopamine from L-tyrosine: step 1/2. Subunit structure: Homotetramer. Post-translational modification: In vitro, phosphorylation of Ser-19 increases the rate of Ser-40 phosphorylation, which results in enzyme opening and activation. Sequence similarities: Belongs to the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family.