antibody

CTLA-4/CD152

MBS370298

5 Control Slides

130 USD

monoclonal

mouse

nonconjugated

[BSB-88]

immunohistochemistry, immunohistochemistry - paraffin section

Antibody

CTLA-4/CD152

[CTLA-4/CD152]

[cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 isoform CTLA-4delTM; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; CTLA-4; CD_antigen: CD152]

[CTLA-4/CD152]

[CTLA4; CTLA4; CD; GSE; GRD4; ALPS5; CD152; CTLA-4; IDDM12; CELIAC3; CD152; CTLA-4]

CTLA4_HUMAN

Monoclonal

IgG2a/K

[BSB-88]

Mouse

Human

174

CTLA-4 / CD152 is a mouse monoclonal antibody derived from cell culture supernatant that is concentrated, dialyzed, filter sterilized and diluted in buffer pH 7.5, containing BSA and sodium azide as a preservative.

Store at 2-8°C. Do not use after expiration date listed on package label. Temperature fluctuations should be avoided. Store appropriately when not in use, and avoid prolonged exposure to room temperature conditions.

. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Formalin/Paraffin

Specimen Preparation: . Paraffin sections: The antibody can be used on formalin-fixed paraffinembedded (FFPE) tissue sections. Ensure tissue undergoes appropriate fixation to ensure best results. Pre-treatment of tissues with heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER) is recommended using ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate, ImmunoDNA Retriever with EDTA or ImmunoDNA Digestor. See reverse side for complete protocol. Tissue should remain hydrated via use of Immuno/DNA Washer solutions. Frozen sections and cell preparations: The antibody can be used for labeling acetone-fixed frozen sections and acetone-fixed cell preparations. Due to inherent variability present in immunohistochemical procedures (including fixation time of tissues, dilution factor of antibody, retrieval method utilized and incubation time), optimal performance should be established through the use of positive and negative controls.

Dilution Information

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Quality Control Procedure

Reactivity: Parrafin, Frozen. Localization: Membranous. Control: Tonsil, Lymph Node, Colon, Thymus. Intended Use: For Analyte Specific Reagent. Analytical and performance characteristics for CTLA-4/CD152 antibody, clone BSB-88, are not established. Immunogen: Synthetic peptide corresponding to residues of the C-terminus of the human CTLA-4 protein. Presentation: CTLA-4/CD152 is a mouse monoclonal antibody derived from cell culture supernatant that is concentrated, dialyzed, filter sterilized and diluted in buffer pH 7.5, containing BSA and sodium azide as a preservative.

Precautions: 1. This product contains <0.1% sodium azide (NaN3) as a preservative. Ensure proper handling procedures are used with this reagent. 2. Always wear personal protective equipment such as laboratory coat, goggles and gloves when handling reagents. 3. Dispose of unused solution with copious amount of water. 4. Do not ingest reagent. If reagent is ingested, seek medical advice immediately. 5. Avoid contact with eyes. If contact occurs, flush with large quantities of water. 6. Follow safety precautions of the heating device used for epitope retrieval (TintoRetriever Pressure Cooker or similar). 7. For additional safety information refer to Safety Data Sheet for this product. 8. For complete recommendations for handling biological specimens, please refer to the CDC document, "Guidelines for Safe Work Practices in Human and Animal Medical Diagnostic Laboratories" (see References in this document). Mounting Protocols: For detailed instructions using biodegradable permanent mounting media such as XyGreen PermaMounter or organic solvent based resin such as PermaMounter, please inquire.

CTLA4 or CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), classified as CD152, is a protein receptor known to functions as an immune checkpoint which downregulates the immune system. CTLA4 is found on the surface of T cells, and acts as an "off" switch when bound to CD80 or CD86 on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. The CTLA-4 protein is encoded by the Ctla4 gene in mice and the CTLA4gene in humans. CTLA4 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed on the surface of Helper T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. CTLA4 is similar to the T-cell co-stimulatory protein, CD28, and both molecules bind to CD80 and CD86, also called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively, on antigen-presenting cells. CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells, whereas CD28 transmits a stimulatory signal. Intracellular CTLA4 is also found in regulatory T cells and may be important to their function. T cell activation through the T cell receptor and CD28 leads to increased expression of CTLA-4, an inhibitory receptor for B7 molecules. Mutations in this gene have been associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, primary biliary cirrhosis and other autoimmune diseases. Polymorphisms of the CTLA-4 gene are associated with autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune thyroid disease and multiple sclerosis, though this association is often weak. In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), the splice variant sCTLA-4 is found to be aberrantly produced and found in the serum of patients with active SLE. Germline haploinsufficiency of CTLA4 leads to CTLA4 deficiency or CHAI disease (CTLA4 haploinsufficiency with autoimmune infiltration), a rare genetic disorder of the immune system. This may cause a dysregulation of the immune system and may result in lymphoproliferation, autoimmunity, hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent infections, and may slightly increase one's risk of lymphoma.

83700231

NP_001032720.1

NM_001037631.2

Adaptive Immune System Pathway (1269171); Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Pathway (83121); Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Pathway (533); CTLA4 Inhibitory Signaling Pathway (1269181); Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent Transcription In Lymphocytes Pathway (137993); Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) Pathway (83069); Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) Pathway (480); Costimulation By The CD28 Family Pathway (1269177); Immune System Pathway (1269170); Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathway (200309)

This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and encodes a protein which transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. The protein contains a V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The membrane-bound isoform functions as a homodimer interconnected by a disulfide bond, while the soluble isoform functions as a monomer. Mutations in this gene have been associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, and other autoimmune diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

CTLA-4: Inhibitory receptor acting as a major negative regulator of T-cell responses. The affinity of CTLA4 for its natural B7 family ligands, CD80 and CD86, is considerably stronger than the affinity of their cognate stimulatory coreceptor CD28. Genetic variation in CTLA4 influences susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a chronic, inflammatory and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue. It affects principally the skin, joints, kidneys and serosal membranes. SLE is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. Genetic variations in CTLA4 may influence susceptibility to Graves disease, an autoimmune disorder associated with overactivity of the thyroid gland and hyperthyroidism. Genetic variation in CTLA4 is the cause of susceptibility to diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 12 (IDDM12). A multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. Genetic variation in CTLA4 is the cause of susceptibility to celiac disease type 3 (CELIAC3). It is a multifactorial disorder of the small intestine that is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. It is characterized by malabsorption resulting from inflammatory injury to the mucosa of the small intestine after the ingestion of wheat gluten or related rye and barley proteins. In its classic form, celiac disease is characterized in children by malabsorption and failure to thrive. 4 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing. Protein type: Membrane protein, integral; Immunoglobulin superfamily. Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 2q33. Cellular Component: clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle; external side of plasma membrane; Golgi apparatus; integral to plasma membrane; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; plasma membrane. Molecular Function: protein binding. Biological Process: adaptive immune response; B cell receptor signaling pathway; immune response; negative regulation of B cell proliferation; negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation; positive regulation of apoptosis; response to DNA damage stimulus; T cell costimulation. Disease: Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome, Type V; Celiac Disease, Susceptibility To, 3; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-dependent, 12; Hashimoto Thyroiditis; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

5 Control Slides

130 USD

0.1 mL (Concentrate)

225

3 ml (Prediluted)

225

7 mL (Prediluted)

300

0.5 mL (Concentrate)

385

15 mL (Prediluted)

465

1 mL (Concentrate)

630