protein

TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Human (His)

HY-P7416

10 μg;50 μg

100;220 USD

TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Human (His)

proteins

E. coli

10 μg;50 μg

100;220 USD

384647084

Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine [1] . TNF alpha binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death [2] . TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 promotes cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse [3] . TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK Pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury [4] . TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Human (His) is a recombinant protein with a N-Terminal His label, It consists of 157 amino acids (V77-L233) and is produced in E. coli.

Human

TNF alpha is produced by various types of cells including macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and NK-cells [2] . The amino acid sequence of human TNF alpha protein has low homology between mouse, rat, bovine, cynomolgus TNF alpha protein. While, human TNF alpha shares 94.85% aa sequence identity with cynomolgus TNF alpha protein, mouse TNF alpha shares 94.47% aa sequence identity with rat TNF alpha protein. TNF alpha exists in two forms; a type II transmembrane protein (tmTNF-α) and a mature soluble protein (sTNF-α). TNF-α binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death. Both sTNF-α and tmTNF-α activate TNFR1, and process a death domain (DD) that interacts with the TNFR1-associated death domain (TRADD) adaptor protein. The TNFR2 signaling pathway is mainly activated by tmTNF-α. TNFR1 signaling tends to be pro-inflammatory and apoptotic. TNFR2 results in NF-κB and MAPKs and AKT activation, TNFR2 activation is associated with homeostatic bioactivities such as tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and cell survival, as well as host defense and inflammation [1] . TNF-alpha is critical for normal immune response, abnormal secretion TNF alpha activates synovial fibroblasts, keratinocytes, osteoclasts, induces rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and noninfectious uveitis (NIU) [3] . TNF alpha positively regulates endogenous TNF-α expression levels independently of Pgp efflux activity, induces IHF cells proliferation [4] . TNF alpha in tissues may promote cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Besides, TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 and anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse [5] . TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury [6] .

rHuTNF-α, His; Cachectin; TNFSF2

Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized after extensive dialysis against PBS.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.