product summary
company name :
Cell Signaling Technology
product type :
antibody
product name :
α/β-Tubulin Antibody
catalog :
2148
clonality :
polyclonal
host :
rabbit
conjugate :
nonconjugated
reactivity :
baboons, human, mouse, cow, zebrafish
application :
western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry
citations: 86
Published Application/Species/Sample/DilutionReference
  • western blot; zebrafish ; loading ...; fig s1d
Gu Q, Yang X, Lv J, Zhang J, Xia B, Kim J, et al. AIBP-mediated cholesterol efflux instructs hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fate. Science. 2019;: pubmed publisher
  • immunocytochemistry; mouse; loading ...; fig s3b
Berens E, Sharif G, Schmidt M, Yan G, Shuptrine C, Weiner L, et al. Keratin-associated protein 5-5 controls cytoskeletal function and cancer cell vascular invasion. Oncogene. 2017;36:593-605 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; human; 1:1000; fig 2
  • western blot; zebrafish ; 1:1000; fig 6
Eichner R, Heider M, Fernández Sáiz V, van Bebber F, Garz A, Lemeer S, et al. Immunomodulatory drugs disrupt the cereblon-CD147-MCT1 axis to exert antitumor activity and teratogenicity. Nat Med. 2016;22:735-43 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; mouse; fig 3
Nwadozi E, Roudier E, Rullman E, Tharmalingam S, Liu H, Gustafsson T, et al. Endothelial FoxO proteins impair insulin sensitivity and restrain muscle angiogenesis in response to a high-fat diet. FASEB J. 2016;30:3039-52 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; mouse; 1:2000; fig s6
Miao H, Ou J, Peng Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Hao L, et al. Macrophage ABHD5 promotes colorectal cancer growth by suppressing spermidine production by SRM. Nat Commun. 2016;7:11716 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; human; 1:1000; fig 2
Link S, Grund S, Diederichs S. Alternative splicing affects the subcellular localization of Drosha. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44:5330-43 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; zebrafish ; 1:1000; loading ...; fig s1c
Huang G, Zhang F, Ye Q, Wang H. The circadian clock regulates autophagy directly through the nuclear hormone receptor Nr1d1/Rev-erb? and indirectly via Cebpb/(C/ebp?) in zebrafish. Autophagy. 2016;12:1292-309 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; mouse; 1:1000; fig 6
Liu Y, Xu Y, Guo S, Chen H. T cell factor-4 functions as a co-activator to promote NF-?B-dependent MMP-15 expression in lung carcinoma cells. Sci Rep. 2016;6:24025 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; human; 1:1000; tbl s16
Tosco A, De Gregorio F, Esposito S, De Stefano D, Sana I, Ferrari E, et al. A novel treatment of cystic fibrosis acting on-target: cysteamine plus epigallocatechin gallate for the autophagy-dependent rescue of class II-mutated CFTR. Cell Death Differ. 2016;23:1380-93 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; mouse; fig 1
Barroso González J, Auclair S, Luan S, Thomas L, Atkins K, Aslan J, et al. PACS-2 mediates the ATM and NF-κB-dependent induction of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL in response to DNA damage. Cell Death Differ. 2016;23:1448-57 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; mouse; 1:1000; fig s3
Safdar A, Khrapko K, Flynn J, Saleem A, De Lisio M, Johnston A, et al. Exercise-induced mitochondrial p53 repairs mtDNA mutations in mutator mice. Skelet Muscle. 2016;6:7 pubmed publisher
  • immunocytochemistry; human
He Y, Zeng M, Yang D, Motro B, Núñez G. NEK7 is an essential mediator of NLRP3 activation downstream of potassium efflux. Nature. 2016;530:354-7 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; human; fig 9
Maggio I, Stefanucci L, Janssen J, Liu J, Chen X, Mouly V, et al. Selection-free gene repair after adenoviral vector transduction of designer nucleases: rescue of dystrophin synthesis in DMD muscle cell populations. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44:1449-70 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; human; 1:1000; fig 3
Wilhelm K, Happel K, Eelen G, Schoors S, Oellerich M, Lim R, et al. FOXO1 couples metabolic activity and growth state in the vascular endothelium. Nature. 2016;529:216-20 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; human; 1:1000; fig 2
Walker E, Jensen L, Croft S, Ghildyal R. Variation in the nuclear effects of infection by different human rhinovirus serotypes. Front Microbiol. 2015;6:875 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; human; fig 2
Wunsch E, Milkiewicz M, Wasik U, Trottier J, Kempińska Podhorodecka A, Elias E, et al. Expression of hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 is enhanced in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and correlates with severity of the disease. Sci Rep. 2015;5:13462 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; human; 1:100
Ying L, Chunxia Y, Wei L. Inhibition of ovarian cancer cell growth by a novel TAK1 inhibitor LYTAK1. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2015;76:641-50 pubmed publisher
  • immunocytochemistry; mouse; 1:50
Ackerknecht M, Hauser M, Legler D, Stein J. In vivo TCR Signaling in CD4(+) T Cells Imprints a Cell-Intrinsic, Transient Low-Motility Pattern Independent of Chemokine Receptor Expression Levels, or Microtubular Network, Integrin, and Protein Kinase C Activity. Front Immunol. 2015;6:297 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; human; 1:2000; fig 2b
Janes K. An analysis of critical factors for quantitative immunoblotting. Sci Signal. 2015;8:rs2 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; mouse; 1:2000
Zhu L, Shen W, Lyons B, Wang Y, Zhou F, Gillies M. Dysregulation of inter-photoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) after induced Müller cell disruption. J Neurochem. 2015;133:909-18 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; mouse; fig 1a
Liu K, Zhao E, Ilyas G, Lalazar G, Lin Y, Haseeb M, et al. Impaired macrophage autophagy increases the immune response in obese mice by promoting proinflammatory macrophage polarization. Autophagy. 2015;11:271-84 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; human; fig 1
Jeong H, Gil N, Lee H, Cho S, Kim K, Chun K, et al. Timely Degradation of Wip1 Phosphatase by APC/C Activator Protein Cdh1 is Necessary for Normal Mitotic Progression. J Cell Biochem. 2015;116:1602-12 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; mouse; fig 2
Boj S, Hwang C, Baker L, Chio I, Engle D, Corbo V, et al. Organoid models of human and mouse ductal pancreatic cancer. Cell. 2015;160:324-38 pubmed publisher
  • immunocytochemistry; human; fig 1
  • western blot; human; fig 9
Colbert P, Vermeer D, Wieking B, Lee J, Vermeer P. EphrinB1: novel microtubule associated protein whose expression affects taxane sensitivity. Oncotarget. 2015;6:953-68 pubmed
  • western blot; mouse; fig 7
Lee Y, Petkova A, Konkar A, Granneman J. Cellular origins of cold-induced brown adipocytes in adult mice. FASEB J. 2015;29:286-99 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; human
Cazanave S, Wang X, Zhou H, Rahmani M, Grant S, Durrant D, et al. Degradation of Keap1 activates BH3-only proteins Bim and PUMA during hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 2014;21:1303-12 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; human; fig 1
Cypryk W, Ohman T, Eskelinen E, Matikainen S, Nyman T. Quantitative proteomics of extracellular vesicles released from human monocyte-derived macrophages upon ?-glucan stimulation. J Proteome Res. 2014;13:2468-77 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; human
Tam C, Covington J, Bajpeyi S, Tchoukalova Y, Burk D, Johannsen D, et al. Weight gain reveals dramatic increases in skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodeling. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:1749-57 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; mouse; 1:1000; fig 3
Gorman J, Liu S, Slopack D, Shariati K, Hasanee A, Olenich S, et al. Angiotensin II evokes angiogenic signals within skeletal muscle through co-ordinated effects on skeletal myocytes and endothelial cells. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e85537 pubmed publisher
  • western blot; baboons; fig 2
Tchoukalova Y, Krishnapuram R, White U, Burk D, Fang X, Nijland M, et al. Fetal baboon sex-specific outcomes in adipocyte differentiation at 0.9 gestation in response to moderate maternal nutrient reduction. Int J Obes (Lond). 2014;38:224-30 pubmed publisher
Kim M, Morales L, Baek M, Slaga T, DiGiovanni J, Kim D. UVB-induced nuclear translocation of TC-PTP by AKT/14-3-3? axis inhibits keratinocyte survival and proliferation. Oncotarget. 2017;8:90674-90692 pubmed publisher
Bajikar S, Wang C, Borten M, Pereira E, Atkins K, Janes K. Tumor-Suppressor Inactivation of GDF11 Occurs by Precursor Sequestration in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Dev Cell. 2017;43:418-435.e13 pubmed publisher
Chen X, Janssen J, Liu J, Maggio I, t Jong A, Mikkers H, et al. In trans paired nicking triggers seamless genome editing without double-stranded DNA cutting. Nat Commun. 2017;8:657 pubmed publisher
Bozsoki Z, Cheng J, Feng F, Gysel K, Vinther M, Andersen K, et al. Receptor-mediated chitin perception in legume roots is functionally separable from Nod factor perception. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114:E8118-E8127 pubmed publisher
Yu P, Wilhelm K, Dubrac A, Tung J, Alves T, Fang J, et al. FGF-dependent metabolic control of vascular development. Nature. 2017;545:224-228 pubmed publisher
Tsuchiya Y, Peak Chew S, Newell C, Miller Aidoo S, Mangal S, Zhyvoloup A, et al. Protein CoAlation: a redox-regulated protein modification by coenzyme A in mammalian cells. Biochem J. 2017;474:2489-2508 pubmed publisher
Yamauchi M, Shibata A, Suzuki K, Suzuki M, Niimi A, Kondo H, et al. Regulation of pairing between broken DNA-containing chromatin regions by Ku80, DNA-PKcs, ATM, and 53BP1. Sci Rep. 2017;7:41812 pubmed publisher
Serena M, Parolini F, Biswas P, Sironi F, Blanco Miranda A, Zoratti E, et al. HIV-1 Env associates with HLA-C free-chains at the cell membrane modulating viral infectivity. Sci Rep. 2017;7:40037 pubmed publisher
Kreger B, Johansen E, Cerione R, Antonyak M. The Enrichment of Survivin in Exosomes from Breast Cancer Cells Treated with Paclitaxel Promotes Cell Survival and Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel). 2016;8: pubmed
Gurley J, Ilkayeva O, Jackson R, Griesel B, White P, Matsuzaki S, et al. Enhanced GLUT4-Dependent Glucose Transport Relieves Nutrient Stress in Obese Mice Through Changes in Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism. Diabetes. 2016;65:3585-3597 pubmed
Jungas T, Perchey R, Fawal M, Callot C, Froment C, Burlet Schiltz O, et al. Eph-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of citron kinase controls abscission. J Cell Biol. 2016;214:555-69 pubmed publisher
Gurley J, Griesel B, Olson A. Increased Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 Expression in Obese Mice After Voluntary Wheel Running Exercise Is Posttranscriptional. Diabetes. 2016;65:2911-9 pubmed publisher
Queval C, Song O, Deboosere N, Delorme V, Debrie A, Iantomasi R, et al. STAT3 Represses Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Human Macrophages upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Sci Rep. 2016;6:29297 pubmed publisher
Chung S, Gillies M, Yam M, Wang Y, Shen W. Differential expression of microRNAs in retinal vasculopathy caused by selective Müller cell disruption. Sci Rep. 2016;6:28993 pubmed publisher
Sparling D, Yu J, Kim K, Zhu C, Brachs S, Birkenfeld A, et al. Adipocyte-specific blockade of gamma-secretase, but not inhibition of Notch activity, reduces adipose insulin sensitivity. Mol Metab. 2016;5:113-121 pubmed publisher
Kayama T, Mori M, Ito Y, Matsushima T, Nakamichi R, Suzuki H, et al. Gtf2ird1-Dependent Mohawk Expression Regulates Mechanosensing Properties of the Tendon. Mol Cell Biol. 2016;36:1297-309 pubmed publisher
Sunamura N, Ohira T, Kataoka M, Inaoka D, Tanabe H, Nakayama Y, et al. Regulation of functional KCNQ1OT1 lncRNA by β-catenin. Sci Rep. 2016;6:20690 pubmed publisher
da Silva E, Nachbar R, Levada Pires A, Hirabara S, Lambertucci R. Omega-3 fatty acids differentially modulate enzymatic anti-oxidant systems in skeletal muscle cells. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2016;21:87-95 pubmed publisher
Craggs L, Taylor J, Slade J, Chen A, Hagel C, Kuhlenbaeumer G, et al. Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J immunoreactivity is associated with white matter damage in cerebral small vessel diseases. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2016;42:194-209 pubmed publisher
Yadav A, Kumar B, Yu J, Old M, Teknos T, Kumar P. Tumor-Associated Endothelial Cells Promote Tumor Metastasis by Chaperoning Circulating Tumor Cells and Protecting Them from Anoikis. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0141602 pubmed publisher
Wunsch E, Klak M, Wasik U, Milkiewicz M, Blatkiewicz M, Urasinska E, et al. Liver Expression of Sulphotransferase 2A1 Enzyme Is Impaired in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Lack of the Response to Enhanced Expression of PXR. J Immunol Res. 2015;2015:571353 pubmed publisher
Caporali A, Meloni M, Nailor A, Mitić T, Shantikumar S, Riu F, et al. p75(NTR)-dependent activation of NF-κB regulates microRNA-503 transcription and pericyte-endothelial crosstalk in diabetes after limb ischaemia. Nat Commun. 2015;6:8024 pubmed publisher
Metge B, Mitra A, Chen D, Shevde L, Samant R. N-Myc and STAT Interactor regulates autophagy and chemosensitivity in breast cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2015;5:11995 pubmed publisher
Kim N, Yoshimaru T, Chen Y, Matsuo T, Komatsu M, Miyoshi Y, et al. BIG3 Inhibits the Estrogen-Dependent Nuclear Translocation of PHB2 via Multiple Karyopherin-Alpha Proteins in Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0127707 pubmed publisher
Aljohani H, Koncar R, Zarzour A, Park B, Lee S, Bahassi E. ROS1 amplification mediates resistance to gefitinib in glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget. 2015;6:20388-95 pubmed
Zimmermann K, Baldinger J, Mayerhofer B, Atanasov A, Dirsch V, Heiss E. Activated AMPK boosts the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis--A role for the unfolded protein response. Free Radic Biol Med. 2015;88:417-426 pubmed publisher
Chung S, Gillies M, Sugiyama Y, Zhu L, Lee S, Shen W. Profiling of microRNAs involved in retinal degeneration caused by selective Müller cell ablation. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0118949 pubmed publisher
Guo J, Li Y, Chen Z, He Z, Zhang B, Li Y, et al. N-acetylcysteine treatment following spinal cord trauma reduces neural tissue damage and improves locomotor function in mice. Mol Med Rep. 2015;12:37-44 pubmed publisher
Smithline Z, Nikonova A, Hensley H, Cai K, Egleston B, Proia D, et al. Inhibiting heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) limits the formation of liver cysts induced by conditional deletion of Pkd1 in mice. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e114403 pubmed publisher
De Stefano D, Villella V, Esposito S, Tosco A, Sepe A, de Gregorio F, et al. Restoration of CFTR function in patients with cystic fibrosis carrying the F508del-CFTR mutation. Autophagy. 2014;10:2053-74 pubmed publisher
Jerman S, Ward H, Lee R, Lopes C, Fry A, Macdougall M, et al. OFD1 and flotillins are integral components of a ciliary signaling protein complex organized by polycystins in renal epithelia and odontoblasts. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e106330 pubmed publisher
Kultti A, Zhao C, Singha N, Zimmerman S, Osgood R, Symons R, et al. Accumulation of extracellular hyaluronan by hyaluronan synthase 3 promotes tumor growth and modulates the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:817613 pubmed publisher
Fede C, Fortunati I, Petrelli L, Guidolin D, De Caro R, Ferrante C, et al. An easy-to-handle microfluidic device suitable for immunohistochemical procedures in mammalian cells grown under flow conditions. Eur J Histochem. 2014;58:2360 pubmed publisher
Jiwaji M, Sandison M, Reboud J, Stevenson R, Daly R, Barkess G, et al. Quantification of functionalised gold nanoparticle-targeted knockdown of gene expression in HeLa cells. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e99458 pubmed publisher
Hussain S, Sangtian S, Anderson S, Snyder R, Marshburn J, Rice A, et al. Inflammasome activation in airway epithelial cells after multi-walled carbon nanotube exposure mediates a profibrotic response in lung fibroblasts. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2014;11:28 pubmed publisher
Guo J, Li Y, He Z, Zhang B, Li Y, Hu J, et al. Targeting endothelin receptors A and B attenuates the inflammatory response and improves locomotor function following spinal cord injury in mice. Int J Mol Med. 2014;34:74-82 pubmed publisher
Milkiewicz M, Kopycinska J, Kempińska Podhorodecka A, Haas T, Bogdanos D, Elias E, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid influences the expression of p27kip1 but not FoxO1 in patients with non-cirrhotic primary biliary cirrhosis. J Immunol Res. 2014;2014:921285 pubmed publisher
Tsukamoto S, Hara T, Yamamoto A, Kito S, Minami N, Kubota T, et al. Fluorescence-based visualization of autophagic activity predicts mouse embryo viability. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4533 pubmed publisher
Zhang K, Duan L, Ong Q, Lin Z, Varman P, Sung K, et al. Light-mediated kinetic control reveals the temporal effect of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in PC12 cell neurite outgrowth. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e92917 pubmed publisher
Wang C, Bajikar S, Jamal L, Atkins K, Janes K. A time- and matrix-dependent TGFBR3-JUND-KRT5 regulatory circuit in single breast epithelial cells and basal-like premalignancies. Nat Cell Biol. 2014;16:345-56 pubmed publisher
Gutzmann A, Ergül N, Grossmann R, Schultz C, Wahle P, Engelhardt M. A period of structural plasticity at the axon initial segment in developing visual cortex. Front Neuroanat. 2014;8:11 pubmed publisher
Doti N, Reuther C, Scognamiglio P, Dolga A, Plesnila N, Ruvo M, et al. Inhibition of the AIF/CypA complex protects against intrinsic death pathways induced by oxidative stress. Cell Death Dis. 2014;5:e993 pubmed publisher
Shen W, Zhu L, Lee S, Chung S, Gillies M. Involvement of NT3 and P75(NTR) in photoreceptor degeneration following selective Müller cell ablation. J Neuroinflammation. 2013;10:137 pubmed publisher
Qin Z, Kaufman R, Khoury R, Khoury M, Aswad D. Isoaspartate accumulation in mouse brain is associated with altered patterns of protein phosphorylation and acetylation, some of which are highly sex-dependent. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e80758 pubmed publisher
Bailis J, Gordon M, Gurgel J, Komor A, Barton J, Kirsch I. An inducible, isogenic cancer cell line system for targeting the state of mismatch repair deficiency. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e78726 pubmed publisher
Henderson Smith A, Chow D, Meechoovet B, Aziz M, Jacobson S, Shill H, et al. SMG1 identified as a regulator of Parkinson's disease-associated alpha-synuclein through siRNA screening. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e77711 pubmed publisher
Imesch P, Scheiner D, Szabo E, Fink D, Fedier A. Conjugates of cytochrome c and antennapedia peptide activate apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of HeLa cancer cells. Exp Ther Med. 2013;6:786-790 pubmed
Regard J, Malhotra D, Gvozdenovic Jeremic J, Josey M, Chen M, Weinstein L, et al. Activation of Hedgehog signaling by loss of GNAS causes heterotopic ossification. Nat Med. 2013;19:1505-12 pubmed publisher
Walker E, Younessi P, Fulcher A, McCuaig R, Thomas B, Bardin P, et al. Rhinovirus 3C protease facilitates specific nucleoporin cleavage and mislocalisation of nuclear proteins in infected host cells. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e71316 pubmed publisher
Chen X, Chen J, Gan S, Guan H, Zhou Y, Ouyang Q, et al. DNA damage strength modulates a bimodal switch of p53 dynamics for cell-fate control. BMC Biol. 2013;11:73 pubmed publisher
Devine D, Rostas J, Metge B, Das S, Mulekar M, Tucker J, et al. Loss of N-Myc interactor promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activation of TGF-?/SMAD signaling. Oncogene. 2014;33:2620-8 pubmed publisher
Audet G, Fulks D, Stricker J, Olfert I. Chronic delivery of a thrombospondin-1 mimetic decreases skeletal muscle capillarity in mice. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e55953 pubmed publisher
Shikatani E, Trifonova A, Mandel E, Liu S, Roudier E, Krylova A, et al. Inhibition of proliferation, migration and proteolysis contribute to corticosterone-mediated inhibition of angiogenesis. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e46625 pubmed publisher
Knauf J, Sartor M, Medvedovic M, Lundsmith E, Ryder M, Salzano M, et al. Progression of BRAF-induced thyroid cancer is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition requiring concomitant MAP kinase and TGF? signaling. Oncogene. 2011;30:3153-62 pubmed publisher
Liang F, Chen R, Nakagawa A, Nishizawa M, Tsuda S, Wang H, et al. Low-Frequency Electroacupuncture Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Diabetic Mice through Activation of SIRT1/PGC-1? in Skeletal Muscle. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:735297 pubmed publisher
Gonçalves M, Janssen J, Holkers M, de Vries A. Rapid and sensitive lentivirus vector-based conditional gene expression assay to monitor and quantify cell fusion activity. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e10954 pubmed publisher
product information
SKU :
2148S
Product-Name :
α/β-Tubulin Antibody
Size :
100 ul
Price-(USD) :
235 USD
Species-x-Reactivity :
H, M, R, Mk, Z, B
Applications :
Flow cytometry
Product-Category :
Cytoskeletal Signaling
Shipping-Temp :
AMBIENT
Storage-Temp :
-20°C
Product-Type :
Polyclonal Antibody
MW :
55
Host :
Rabbit
Target :
tubulin alpha/tubulin beta-2
company information
Cell Signaling Technology
3 Trask Lane
Danvers, MA 01923
info@cellsignal.com
https://www.cellsignal.com
8776162355
headquarters: USA
Established in Beverly, MA in 1999, Cell Signaling Technology (CST) is a privately-owned company with over 400 employees worldwide. We are dedicated to providing innovative research tools that are used to help define mechanisms underlying cell function and disease. Since its inception, CST has become the world leader in the production of the highest quality activation-state and total protein antibodies utilized to expand knowledge of cell signaling pathways. Our mission is to deliver the world's highest quality research tools that accelerate progress in biological research and personalized medicine.