product summary
Loading...
company name :
Bio-Rad
other brands :
Biogenesis, Serotec, AbD Serotec, Oxford Biotechnology
product type :
antibody
product name :
Rat anti Mouse F4/80
catalog :
MCA497RT
quantity :
25 µg
price :
103 USD
clonality :
monoclonal
host :
rat
conjugate :
nonconjugated
clone name :
Cl:A3-1
reactivity :
human, mouse, rat
application :
western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry - paraffin section, immunohistochemistry - frozen section
more info or order :
citations: 64
Published Application/Species/Sample/DilutionReference
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; rat; 1:50; loading ...; fig 1i
Formigari G, D xe1 tilo M, Vareda B, Bonfante I, Cavaglieri C, Lopes de Faria J, et al. Renal protection induced by physical exercise may be mediated by the irisin/AMPK axis in diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep. 2022;12:9062 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry; mouse; loading ...; fig 7a
Huang Z, Liu S, Tang A, Al Rabadi L, Henkemeyer M, Mimche P, et al. Key role for EphB2 receptor in kidney fibrosis. Clin Sci (Lond). 2021;135:2127-2142 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry; mouse; 1:200; loading ...
Voisin M, Shrestha E, Rollet C, Nikain C, Josefs T, Mahe M, et al. Inhibiting LXRα phosphorylation in hematopoietic cells reduces inflammation and attenuates atherosclerosis and obesity in mice. Commun Biol. 2021;4:420 pubmed publisher
  • flow cytometry; mouse; loading ...; fig s1a, s2b
Brownlie D, Doughty Shenton D, Yh Soong D, Nixon C, O Carragher N, M Carlin L, et al. Metastasis-associated macrophages constrain antitumor capability of natural killer cells in the metastatic site at least partially by membrane bound transforming growth factor β. J Immunother Cancer. 2021;9: pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; mouse; loading ...; fig 2a
Sorrentino C, Yin Z, Ciummo S, Lanuti P, Lu L, Marchisio M, et al. Targeting Interleukin(IL)-30/IL-27p28 signaling in cancer stem-like cells and host environment synergistically inhibits prostate cancer growth and improves survival. J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7:201 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; mouse; loading ...; fig s1b
Krishna Subramanian S, Singer S, Armaka M, Banales J, Hölzer K, Schirmacher P, et al. RIPK1 and death receptor signaling drive biliary damage and early liver tumorigenesis in mice with chronic hepatobiliary injury. Cell Death Differ. 2019;: pubmed publisher
  • flow cytometry; mouse; 1:50; loading ...; fig 3h
Mouhadeb O, Ben Shlomo S, Cohen K, Farkash I, Gruber S, Maharshak N, et al. Impaired COMMD10-Mediated Regulation of Ly6Chi Monocyte-Driven Inflammation Disrupts Gut Barrier Function. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2623 pubmed publisher
  • flow cytometry; mouse; 1:100; loading ...; fig s2a, s2b
Aarts S, Seijkens T, Kusters P, Van Tiel C, Reiche M, den Toom M, et al. Macrophage CD40 signaling drives experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Pathol. 2019;247:471-480 pubmed publisher
  • flow cytometry; mouse; loading ...; fig s2a
Inoue T, Ito Y, Nishizawa N, Eshima K, Kojo K, Otaka F, et al. RAMP1 in Kupffer cells is a critical regulator in immune-mediated hepatitis. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:e0200432 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry; mouse; loading ...; fig 4d
Hakuno D, Kimura M, Ito S, Satoh J, Nakashima Y, Horie T, et al. Hepatokine α1-Microglobulin Signaling Exacerbates Inflammation and Disturbs Fibrotic Repair in Mouse Myocardial Infarction. Sci Rep. 2018;8:16749 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - frozen section; mouse; loading ...; fig 1b
Peng Y. B cell responses to apoptotic cells in MFG-E8-/- mice. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:e0205172 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; mouse; loading ...; fig 5b
Kyung D, Sung H, Kim Y, Kim K, Cho S, Choi J, et al. Global transcriptome analysis identifies weight regain-induced activation of adaptive immune responses in white adipose tissue of mice. Int J Obes (Lond). 2018;42:755-764 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; mouse; fig 5a
Ubil E, Caskey L, Holtzhausen A, Hunter D, Story C, Earp H. Tumor-secreted Pros1 inhibits macrophage M1 polarization to reduce antitumor immune response. J Clin Invest. 2018;128:2356-2369 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry; mouse; loading ...; fig s3d
Peranzoni E, Lemoine J, Vimeux L, Feuillet V, Barrin S, Kantari Mimoun C, et al. Macrophages impede CD8 T cells from reaching tumor cells and limit the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115:E4041-E4050 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - frozen section; mouse; 1:100; loading ...; fig 1b
Vogl T, Stratis A, Wixler V, Voller T, Thurainayagam S, Jorch S, et al. Autoinhibitory regulation of S100A8/S100A9 alarmin activity locally restricts sterile inflammation. J Clin Invest. 2018;128:1852-1866 pubmed publisher
  • flow cytometry; mouse; 1:50; loading ...; fig 1a
Tsubaki T, Kadonosono T, Sakurai S, Shiozawa T, Goto T, Sakai S, et al. Novel adherent CD11b+ Gr-1+ tumor-infiltrating cells initiate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Oncotarget. 2018;9:11209-11226 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry; mouse; 1:500; loading ...; fig 6h
Stremmel C, Schuchert R, Wagner F, Thaler R, Weinberger T, Pick R, et al. Yolk sac macrophage progenitors traffic to the embryo during defined stages of development. Nat Commun. 2018;9:75 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; mouse; loading ...; fig s2c
Van T, Polykratis A, Straub B, Kondylis V, Papadopoulou N, Pasparakis M. Kinase-independent functions of RIPK1 regulate hepatocyte survival and liver carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest. 2017;127:2662-2677 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; mouse; loading ...; fig 3f
Akiel M, Guo C, Li X, Rajasekaran D, Mendoza R, Robertson C, et al. IGFBP7 Deletion Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2017;77:4014-4025 pubmed publisher
  • flow cytometry; mouse; loading ...; fig 1b
A Gonzalez N, Quintana J, Garcia Silva S, Mazariegos M, González de la Aleja A, Nicolás Ávila J, et al. Phagocytosis imprints heterogeneity in tissue-resident macrophages. J Exp Med. 2017;214:1281-1296 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - frozen section; mouse; fig s1c
Herrtwich L, Nanda I, Evangelou K, Nikolova T, Horn V, Sagar -, et al. DNA Damage Signaling Instructs Polyploid Macrophage Fate in Granulomas. Cell. 2016;167:1264-1280.e18 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; mouse; 1:100; loading ...; fig S7A
Troegeler A, Mercier I, Cougoule C, Pietretti D, Colom A, Duval C, et al. C-type lectin receptor DCIR modulates immunity to tuberculosis by sustaining type I interferon signaling in dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114:E540-E549 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - frozen section; mouse; 1:100; loading ...; fig 2a
Rux D, Song J, Swinehart I, Pineault K, Schlientz A, Trulik K, et al. Regionally Restricted Hox Function in Adult Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Dev Cell. 2016;39:653-666 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry; mouse; loading ...; fig 6a
Naeem A, Tommasi C, Cole C, Brown S, Zhu Y, Way B, et al. A mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1/2 (mTORC1)/V-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1)/cathepsin H axis controls filaggrin expression and processing in skin, a novel mechanism for skin barrier disruption in patients with atopic d. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139:1228-1241 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; mouse; 1:1000; loading ...; fig 6c
Hammer A, Yang G, Friedrich J, Kovacs A, Lee D, Grave K, et al. Role of the receptor Mas in macrophage-mediated inflammation in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113:14109-14114 pubmed
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; mouse; loading ...; fig s2
Fransén Pettersson N, Duarte N, Nilsson J, Lundholm M, Mayans S, Larefalk A, et al. A New Mouse Model That Spontaneously Develops Chronic Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0159850 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; mouse; fig 5
Tsuboki J, Fujiwara Y, Horlad H, Shiraishi D, Nohara T, Tayama S, et al. Onionin A inhibits ovarian cancer progression by suppressing cancer cell proliferation and the protumour function of macrophages. Sci Rep. 2016;6:29588 pubmed publisher
  • flow cytometry; mouse; fig s3
Brandstätter O, Schanz O, Vorac J, König J, Mori T, Maruyama T, et al. Balancing intestinal and systemic inflammation through cell type-specific expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor. Sci Rep. 2016;6:26091 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry; mouse; fig 1
Hirasawa M, Takubo K, Osada H, Miyake S, Toda E, Endo M, et al. Angiopoietin-like Protein 2 Is a Multistep Regulator of Inflammatory Neovascularization in a Murine Model of Age-related Macular Degeneration. J Biol Chem. 2016;291:7373-85 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; mouse
Catarinella M, Monestiroli A, Escobar G, Fiocchi A, Tran N, Aiolfi R, et al. IFNα gene/cell therapy curbs colorectal cancer colonization of the liver by acting on the hepatic microenvironment. EMBO Mol Med. 2016;8:155-70 pubmed publisher
  • flow cytometry; mouse; loading ...
Leiva M, Quintana J, Ligos J, Hidalgo A. Haematopoietic ESL-1 enables stem cell proliferation in the bone marrow by limiting TGFβ availability. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10222 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; mouse; fig 4a
Ni Y, Nagashimada M, Zhuge F, Zhan L, Nagata N, Tsutsui A, et al. Astaxanthin prevents and reverses diet-induced insulin resistance and steatohepatitis in mice: A comparison with vitamin E. Sci Rep. 2015;5:17192 pubmed publisher
  • flow cytometry; mouse
Conde P, Rodriguez M, van der Touw W, Jimenez A, Burns M, Miller J, et al. DC-SIGN(+) Macrophages Control the Induction of Transplantation Tolerance. Immunity. 2015;42:1143-58 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - frozen section; mouse; 1:500
van Bracht E, Raavé R, Perevyazko I, Versteeg E, Hafmans T, Schubert U, et al. Biodistribution of size-selected lyophilisomes in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2015;94:141-51 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - frozen section; mouse; fig 4
Cha J, Burnum Johnson K, Bartos A, Li Y, Baker E, Tilton S, et al. Muscle Segment Homeobox Genes Direct Embryonic Diapause by Limiting Inflammation in the Uterus. J Biol Chem. 2015;290:15337-49 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - frozen section; mouse; loading ...; fig 4b
  • flow cytometry; mouse; fig 2d
Jia D, Duan F, Peng P, Sun L, Ruan Y, Gu J. Pyrroloquinoline-quinone suppresses liver fibrogenesis in mice. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0121939 pubmed publisher
  • flow cytometry; human
Sun C, Schattgen S, Pisitkun P, Jorgensen J, Hilterbrand A, Wang L, et al. Evasion of innate cytosolic DNA sensing by a gammaherpesvirus facilitates establishment of latent infection. J Immunol. 2015;194:1819-31 pubmed publisher
  • immunocytochemistry; human; 1:100; fig 5
Zhou W, Ke S, Huang Z, Flavahan W, Fang X, Paul J, et al. Periostin secreted by glioblastoma stem cells recruits M2 tumour-associated macrophages and promotes malignant growth. Nat Cell Biol. 2015;17:170-82 pubmed publisher
  • flow cytometry; mouse; fig s1
Evrard M, Chong S, Devi S, Chew W, Lee B, Poidinger M, et al. Visualization of bone marrow monocyte mobilization using Cx3cr1gfp/+Flt3L-/- reporter mouse by multiphoton intravital microscopy. J Leukoc Biol. 2015;97:611-9 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry; mouse; fig 1
Taniguchi T, Asano Y, Akamata K, Noda S, Takahashi T, Ichimura Y, et al. Fibrosis, vascular activation, and immune abnormalities resembling systemic sclerosis in bleomycin-treated Fli-1-haploinsufficient mice. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67:517-26 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - frozen section; mouse
  • flow cytometry; mouse
Liu G, Zhang W, Xiao Y, Lu P. Critical Role of IP-10 on Reducing Experimental Corneal Neovascularization. Curr Eye Res. 2015;40:891-901 pubmed publisher
  • flow cytometry; mouse
Döring M, Lessin I, Frenz T, Spanier J, Kessler A, Tegtmeyer P, et al. M27 expressed by cytomegalovirus counteracts effective type I interferon induction of myeloid cells but not of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Virol. 2014;88:13638-50 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry; mouse; 1:100
Eberle M, Ebel P, Wegner M, Männich J, Tafferner N, Ferreirós N, et al. Regulation of ceramide synthase 6 in a spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model is sex dependent. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014;92:326-35 pubmed publisher
  • flow cytometry; mouse
Bernasconi E, D Angelo F, Michetti P, Velin D. Critical role of the GM-CSF signaling pathway in macrophage pro-repair activities. Pathobiology. 2014;81:183-9 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; human; 1:500
de Bock L, Somers K, Fraussen J, Hendriks J, van Horssen J, Rouwette M, et al. Sperm-associated antigen 16 is a novel target of the humoral autoimmune response in multiple sclerosis. J Immunol. 2014;193:2147-56 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - frozen section; mouse; 1:200
Watatani H, Maeshima Y, Hinamoto N, Yamasaki H, Ujike H, Tanabe K, et al. Vasohibin-1 deficiency enhances renal fibrosis and inflammation after unilateral ureteral obstruction. Physiol Rep. 2014;2: pubmed publisher
  • flow cytometry; mouse
Forgèt M, Voorhees J, Cole S, Dakhlallah D, Patterson I, Gross A, et al. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor augments Tie2-expressing monocyte differentiation, angiogenic function, and recruitment in a mouse model of breast cancer. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e98623 pubmed publisher
  • immunohistochemistry - paraffin section; mouse; 1:50
Orim F, Bychkov A, Shimamura M, Nakashima M, Ito M, Matsuse M, et al. Thyrotropin signaling confers more aggressive features with higher genomic instability on BRAF(V600E)-induced thyroid tumors in a mouse model. Thyroid. 2014;24:502-10 pubmed publisher
Shimomura K, Hattori N, Iida N, Muranaka Y, Sato K, Shiraishi Y, et al. Sleeping Beauty transposon mutagenesis identified genes and pathways involved in inflammation-associated colon tumor development. Nat Commun. 2023;14:6514 pubmed publisher
Phillips E, Lorch A, Durkes A, Goergen C. Early pathological characterization of murine dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysms. APL Bioeng. 2018;2:046106 pubmed publisher
Guha P, Tyagi R, Chowdhury S, Reilly L, Fu C, Xu R, et al. IPMK Mediates Activation of ULK Signaling and Transcriptional Regulation of Autophagy Linked to Liver Inflammation and Regeneration. Cell Rep. 2019;26:2692-2703.e7 pubmed publisher
Messenger Z, Hall J, Jima D, House J, Tam H, Tokarz D, et al. C/EBPβ deletion in oncogenic Ras skin tumors is a synthetic lethal event. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9:1054 pubmed publisher
Patel R, Zhang L, Desai A, Hoenerhoff M, Kennedy L, Radivoyevitch T, et al. Mlh1 deficiency increases the risk of hematopoietic malignancy after simulated space radiation exposure. Leukemia. 2019;33:1135-1147 pubmed publisher
Jayaraman S, Doucet M, Kominsky S. CITED2 attenuates macrophage recruitment concordant with the downregulation of CCL20 in breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett. 2018;15:871-878 pubmed publisher
Kortlever R, Sodir N, Wilson C, Burkhart D, Pellegrinet L, Brown Swigart L, et al. Myc Cooperates with Ras by Programming Inflammation and Immune Suppression. Cell. 2017;171:1301-1315.e14 pubmed publisher
Batchvarov I, Taylor R, Bustamante Marín X, Czerwinski M, Johnson E, Kornbluth S, et al. A grafted ovarian fragment rescues host fertility after chemotherapy. Mol Hum Reprod. 2016;22:842-851 pubmed
Serena C, Calvo E, Clares M, Diaz M, Chicote J, Beltrán Debon R, et al. Significant in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Pytren4Q-Mn a superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) mimetic scorpiand-like Mn (II) complex. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0119102 pubmed publisher
Anderson C, Zhou Q, Wang S. An alkali-burn injury model of corneal neovascularization in the mouse. J Vis Exp. 2014;: pubmed publisher
Astrup E, Ranheim T, Damås J, Davi G, Santilli F, Jensenius M, et al. Increased expression of the homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 in clinical and experimental Rickettsia conorii infection. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:70 pubmed publisher
Grant L, Shearer K, Czopek A, Lees E, Owen C, Agouni A, et al. Myeloid-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B deficiency in mice protects against high-fat diet and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, and endotoxemia through an IL-10 STAT3-dependent mechanism. Diabetes. 2014;63:456-70 pubmed publisher
Laplante M, Charbonneau A, Avramoglu R, Pelletier P, Fang X, Bachelard H, et al. Distinct metabolic and vascular effects of dietary triglycerides and cholesterol in atherosclerotic and diabetic mouse models. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013;305:E573-84 pubmed publisher
Zhang W, Fulci G, Wakimoto H, Cheema T, Buhrman J, Jeyaretna D, et al. Combination of oncolytic herpes simplex viruses armed with angiostatin and IL-12 enhances antitumor efficacy in human glioblastoma models. Neoplasia. 2013;15:591-9 pubmed
Zhang W, Fulci G, Buhrman J, Stemmer Rachamimov A, Chen J, Wojtkiewicz G, et al. Bevacizumab with angiostatin-armed oHSV increases antiangiogenesis and decreases bevacizumab-induced invasion in U87 glioma. Mol Ther. 2012;20:37-45 pubmed publisher
Ibe S, Qin Z, Schuler T, Preiss S, Blankenstein T. Tumor rejection by disturbing tumor stroma cell interactions. J Exp Med. 2001;194:1549-59 pubmed
image
image 1 :
Bio-Rad MCA497RT image 1
Dot Blot showing FSC/SSC gated mouse peritoneal macrophages dual stained with F4/80 ( MCA497A647 ) at a 1/5 dilution and CD11b ( MCA74F ) at a 1/5 dilution. Isotype control pair in red. Fc receptors were blocked by Mouse Seroblock ( BUF041B )
product information
Entity Type :
Monoclonal Antibody
Entity Category :
Antibodies
ProductCode :
MCA497RT
Description :
Rat anti Mouse F4/80
Specificity :
F4/80
TargetSpecies :
Mouse
Host :
Rat
Format :
Purified
Isotypes :
IgG2b
Applications :
WB,P,IP,F,C,IF,R,EM,RE
ApplicationTypes :
Western Blotting,Immunohistology - Paraffin,Immunoprecipitation,Flow Cytometry,Immunohistology - Frozen,Immunofluorescence,Radioimmunoassays,Immuno-electron Microscopy,Immunohistology - Resin
Clone :
Cl:A3-1
Quantity :
25 µg
Quantity Value :
25
Quantity Type :
µg
GO Accessions :
GO:0005509,GO:0016021,GO:0004930,GO:0007218,GO:0009897
GOTerms :
calcium ion binding,integral to membrane,G-protein coupled receptor activity,neuropeptide signaling pathway,external side of plasma membrane
Uniprot Accessions :
Q61549
Gene :
Emr1
GeneID URL :
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=13733
Entity Formats :
Alexa Fluor® 488,Alexa Fluor® 647,APC,Biotin,FITC,Low Endotoxin,Pacific Blue®,Purified,RPE,S/N,Alexa Fluor® 700,StarBright Blue 700,Amethyst Orange,StarBright Violet 440,StarBright Violet 515,StarBright Violet 610,StarBright Violet 670,StarBright Violet 570,StarBright Violet 710,StarBright Violet 790,StarBright Violet 475,StarBright UltraViolet 400,StarBright UltraViolet 665,StarBright UltraViolet 795,StarBright Violet 760,StarBright UltraViolet 445,StarBright UltraViolet 510,StarBright UltraViolet 740,StarBright UltraViolet 575,StarBright UltraViolet 605,StarBright Blue 580,StarBright Blue 615,StarBright Blue 675,StarBright Blue 765,StarBright Blue 810,StarBright Yellow 575,StarBright Yellow 605,StarBright Yellow 665,StarBright Yellow 800,StarBright Yellow 720,StarBright Red 670,StarBright Red 715,StarBright Red 775,StarBright Red 815
UNSPSC :
41116161
Concentration :
IgG concentration 1.0 mg/ml
Product Form :
Purified IgG - liquid
PriceGBP :
74
PriceEUR :
103
PriceUSD :
103 USD
PriceCHF :
112
PriceSEK :
1174
PriceNOK :
1172
PriceDKK :
768
more info or order :
company information
Bio-Rad
Endeavour House, Langford Business Park
Langford Lane, Kidlington
OXON, OX5 1GE
antibody_sales_uk@bio-rad.com
https://www.bio-rad-antibodies.com
1 800 265 7376 (North America)
44 (0)1865 852 700 (Rest of World)
headquarters: UK
Bio-Rad is one of the world's leading antibody manufacturers, offering over 12,000 antibodies and related reagents for a focused range of research areas such as immunology, cancer, veterinary research and cell biology through its antibody experts formerly known as AbD Serotec.
The range includes apoptosis kits, autophagy reagents, CD markers, epitope tag antibodies, immunology antibodies, neuroscience antibodies, and veterinary reagents.
Bio-Rad has an ISO 9001 and ISO 13485 certified production facility in the United Kingdom as well as ISO 9001 certified facilities in Germany and the United States.
Our expertise extends to traditional and recombinant antibody generation and production services. Our custom generation service delivers antibodies in as little as 8 weeks with greater than 90% success. The in vitro technology enables selection of antibodies to challenging targets, long term consistent supply, and provision of the antibody sequence.
At Bio-Rad we are committed to your success when using our antibodies and we focus on providing the technology, products and all the supporting information you need to excel in your research.