protein

Vm24 Toxin

STV-055

STV-055_0.1 mg

Vm24 Toxin

Non Antibodies

Proteins

P0DJ31

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P0DJ31/entry

Electrophysiology

Lyophilized from double distilled water (ddH2O). May contain TFA as a residual counter ion.

The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods (up to 6 months), small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solutions for longer than a few days. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

Centrifuge the vial (10,000 × g for 5 minutes) before adding solvent to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Gently tap, tilt, and roll the vial to aid dissolution. Avoid vigorous vortexing; light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.

Centrifuge the vial before adding solvent (10,000 x g for 5 minutes) to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Tap the vial to aid in dissolving the lyophilized product. Tilt and gently roll the liquid over the walls of the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. Light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.

The product is shipped as a lyophilized powder at room temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at -20°C. Protect from moisture.

Vaejovis mexicanus smithi (Mexican scorpion) (Vaejovis smithi)

Synthetic peptide

KCNA3

The Vm24 toxin, also known as Vaejovis mexicanus peptide 24, is a potent blocker of Kv1.3 in human lymphocytes. Isolated from the venom of the Mexican scorpion Vaejovis mexicanus smithi, Vm24 is a 36-residue peptide with a molecular mass of 3864 Da, and has been identified as the first example of a new subfamily of α-type K(+) ion channel blockers (α-KTx 23.1)1.Vm24, a natural immunosuppressive peptide, potently and selectively blocks Kv1.3 in human T cells with high affinity. The blockage of Kv1.3 channels in T cells is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus2.The voltage-gated potassium channel known as Kv1.3 (KCNA3) is expressed by a subset of chronically activated memory T cells and plays an important role in their activation and proliferation, especially in primary malignant T cells. The potent Kv1.3 inhibitor Vm24 inhibits CD3/CD28-induced proliferation and IL-9 expression, thus inhibiting activation-induced proliferation as well as cytokine and cytokine receptor expression in malignant T cells3.Due to its high specificity, the Vm24 toxin enables to define the downstream functions of Kv1.3 channels in human CD4+ TEM lymphocytes. Blocking Kv1.3 channels profoundly affects the mRNA synthesis machinery, the unfolded protein response and intracellular vesicle transport, impairing the synthesis and secretion of cytokines in response to TCR engagement. This underscores the role of Kv1.3 channels in regulating TEM lymphocyte function4.KV1.3 blockers change the course of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) development, reducing microglial cytotoxic activation and increasing neural stem cell differentiation. KV1.3 blockers inhibit microglia-mediated neurotoxicity in cell cultures, reducing the expression and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α via the NF-kB and p38MAPK pathway. Microglia activation correlates with an increase in KV1.3 channel expression and current density. Several studies highlight the importance of KV1.3 in the activation of the inflammatory response and the inhibition of neural progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Thus, KV1.3 blockers such as Vm24 possess potential therapeutic benefits for patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease5

Alomone Labs

Kv1.3 channels

A Potent and Specific Blocker of Kv1.3 Channel

A Potent and Specific Blocker of Kv1.3 Channel

3863.6 Da

alpha-KTx 23.1, Potassium channel toxin alpha-KTx 23.1

Disulfide bonds between: Cys6-Cys26, Cys12-Cys31, Cys16-Cys33, Cys21-Cys36 Cys36- C-terminal amidation

C157H253N51O45S9

3 - 10 pM

Vm24 toxin is a potent and selective Kv1.3 channel blocker (Kd ∼ 3 pM)1. This toxin exhibits more than 1500-fold selectivity for Kv1.3 over KCa3.1, Kv1.1, and Kv1.2 and does not inhibit a wide range of other channels2. Vm24 inhibits the proliferation and Ca2+ signaling of human T cells in vitro and reduces delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in rats in vivo2.

The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods (up to 6 months), small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solutions for longer than a few days. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

1-2 Business Days

Israel/IL

≥98% (HPLC)

1373890-79-9

Lyophilized

Contact Alomone Labs for technical support and product customization

AAAISCVGSPECPPKCRAQGCKNGKCMNRKCKCYYC-NH2

Yes

12352202

yes

no