product summary
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company name :
Alomone Labs
product type :
chemical
product name :
Margatoxin
catalog :
STM-325
more info or order :
citations: 24
Reference
Foo N, Liu Y, Wu P, Hsing C, Huang B, So E. Midazolam's Effects on Delayed-Rectifier K+ Current and Intermediate-Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channel in Jurkat T-lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22: pubmed publisher
Vallejo Gracia A, Sastre D, Colomer Molera M, Sole L, Navarro Pérez M, Capera J, et al. KCNE4-dependent functional consequences of Kv1.3-related leukocyte physiology. Sci Rep. 2021;11:14632 pubmed publisher
Bellono N, Leitch D, Julius D. Molecular tuning of electroreception in sharks and skates. Nature. 2018;558:122-126 pubmed publisher
Zhao Y, Wu X, Li X, Jiang L, Gui X, Liu Y, et al. TREM2 Is a Receptor for β-Amyloid that Mediates Microglial Function. Neuron. 2018;97:1023-1031.e7 pubmed publisher
Madry C, Kyrargyri V, Arancibia Carcamo I, Jolivet R, Kohsaka S, Bryan R, et al. Microglial Ramification, Surveillance, and Interleukin-1? Release Are Regulated by the Two-Pore Domain K+ Channel THIK-1. Neuron. 2018;97:299-312.e6 pubmed publisher
Manicam C, Ginter N, Li H, Xia N, Goloborodko E, Zadeh J, et al. Compensatory Vasodilator Mechanisms in the Ophthalmic Artery of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Knockout Mice. Sci Rep. 2017;7:7111 pubmed publisher
Manicam C, Staubitz J, Brochhausen C, Grus F, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. The Gatekeepers in the Mouse Ophthalmic Artery: Endothelium-Dependent Mechanisms of Cholinergic Vasodilation. Sci Rep. 2016;6:20322 pubmed publisher
Fellerhoff Losch B, Korol S, Ganor Y, Gu S, Cooper I, Eilam R, et al. Normal human CD4(+) helper T cells express Kv1.1 voltage-gated K(+) channels, and selective Kv1.1 block in T cells induces by itself robust TNFα production and secretion and activation of the NFκB non-canonical pathway. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2016;123:137-57 pubmed publisher
Silver K, Littlejohn A, Thomas L, Marsh E, Lillich J. Inhibition of Kv channel expression by NSAIDs depolarizes membrane potential and inhibits cell migration by disrupting calpain signaling. Biochem Pharmacol. 2015;98:614-28 pubmed publisher
Murray J, Qian Y, Liu B, Elliott R, Aral J, Park C, et al. Pharmaceutical Optimization of Peptide Toxins for Ion Channel Targets: Potent, Selective, and Long-Lived Antagonists of Kv1.3. J Med Chem. 2015;58:6784-802 pubmed publisher
Tabarean I. Electrical remodeling of preoptic GABAergic neurons involves the Kv1.5 subunit. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e96643 pubmed publisher
Yang L, Yan Q, Zhao J, Li J, Zong X, Yang L, et al. The role of potassium channel in silica nanoparticle-induced inflammatory effect in human vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett. 2013;223:16-24 pubmed publisher
Arnoux I, Hoshiko M, Mandavy L, Avignone E, Yamamoto N, Audinat E. Adaptive phenotype of microglial cells during the normal postnatal development of the somatosensory "Barrel" cortex. Glia. 2013;61:1582-94 pubmed publisher
Vallejo Gracia A, Bielanska J, Hernandez Losa J, Castellvi J, Ruiz Marcellan M, Ramon Y Cajal S, et al. Emerging role for the voltage-dependent K+ channel Kv1.5 in B-lymphocyte physiology: expression associated with human lymphoma malignancy. J Leukoc Biol. 2013;94:779-89 pubmed publisher
Zhao N, Dong Q, Du L, Fu X, Du Y, Liao Y. Potent suppression of Kv1.3 potassium channel and IL-2 secretion by diphenyl phosphine oxide-1 in human T cells. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e64629 pubmed publisher
Hu L, Wang T, Gocke A, Nath A, Zhang H, Margolick J, et al. Blockade of Kv1.3 potassium channels inhibits differentiation and granzyme B secretion of human CD8+ T effector memory lymphocytes. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e54267 pubmed publisher
Wang T, Lee M, Choi E, Pardo Villamizar C, Lee S, Yang I, et al. Granzyme B-induced neurotoxicity is mediated via activation of PAR-1 receptor and Kv1.3 channel. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e43950 pubmed publisher
Wu S, Hsu M, Liao Y, Wu F, Jong Y, Lo Y. Evidence for inhibitory effects of flupirtine, a centrally acting analgesic, on delayed rectifier k(+) currents in motor neuron-like cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:148403 pubmed publisher
Guan D, Higgs M, Horton L, Spain W, Foehring R. Contributions of Kv7-mediated potassium current to sub- and suprathreshold responses of rat layer II/III neocortical pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2011;106:1722-33 pubmed publisher
Martel P, Leo D, Fulton S, Bérard M, Trudeau L. Role of Kv1 potassium channels in regulating dopamine release and presynaptic D2 receptor function. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e20402 pubmed publisher
Large R, Hollywood M, Sergeant G, Thornbury K, Bourke S, Levick J, et al. Ionic currents in intimal cultured synoviocytes from the rabbit. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010;299:C1180-94 pubmed publisher
Wang T, Lee M, Johnson T, Allie R, Hu L, Calabresi P, et al. Activated T-cells inhibit neurogenesis by releasing granzyme B: rescue by Kv1.3 blockers. J Neurosci. 2010;30:5020-7 pubmed publisher
Villalonga N, David M, Bielanska J, Vicente R, Comes N, Valenzuela C, et al. Immunomodulation of voltage-dependent K+ channels in macrophages: molecular and biophysical consequences. J Gen Physiol. 2010;135:135-47 pubmed publisher
Menteyne A, Levavasseur F, Audinat E, Avignone E. Predominant functional expression of Kv1.3 by activated microglia of the hippocampus after Status epilepticus. PLoS ONE. 2009;4:e6770 pubmed publisher
image
image 1 :
Alomone Labs STM-325 image 1
Alomone Labs Margatoxininhibits KV1.3 currents expressed inXenopusoocytes. - A. Time course ofMargatoxin(#STM-325) action on Kv1.3 currents. Current amplitudes were plotted as a function of time. Membrane potential was held at ?100 mV and oocytes were stimulated by a 100 ms voltage ramp to +60 mV. 0.5 nM Margatoxin were perfused as indicated by the bar (green) at + 55 mV for 180 sec. B. Superimposed examples of KV1.3 channel current in the absence (control) and presence (green) of 0.5 nM Margatoxin (taken from the experiment in A).
product information
cat :
STM-325
SKU :
STM-325_0.1 mg
Product Name :
Margatoxin
Group Type :
Non Antibodies
Product Type :
Proteins
Accession :
P40755
Accession Number :
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P40755/entry
Applications :
Electrophysiology
Formulation :
Lyophilized from double distilled water (ddH2O). May contain TFA as a residual counter ion.
Storage After Reconstitution :
The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods (up to 6 months), small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solutions for longer than a few days. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Reconstitution and Solubility :
Centrifuge the vial (10,000 × g for 5 minutes) before adding solvent to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Gently tap, tilt, and roll the vial to aid dissolution. Avoid vigorous vortexing; light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.
Solubility :
Centrifuge the vial before adding solvent (10,000 x g for 5 minutes) to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Tap the vial to aid in dissolving the lyophilized product. Tilt and gently roll the liquid over the walls of the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. Light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.
Storage Before Reconstitution :
The product is shipped as a lyophilized powder at room temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at -20°C. Protect from moisture.
Origin :
Centruroides margaritatus (Central American bark Scorpion)
Source :
Synthetic peptide
Gene ID :
KCNA1 ,KCNA2 ,KCNA3,KCNA6
Product Page - Scientific background :
Margatoxin is a peptidyl toxin originally isolated from the scorpion Centruroides margaritatus. It is a specific blocker of KV1.3 channels (IC50~30 pM), but it also blocks KV1.6 and a splice variant of the Drosophila Shaker channels with IC50 of 5 and 150 nM respectively.2 In Xenopus oocytes the toxin is less potent and inhibits expressed KV1.3 channels with an apparent IC50 of ~1 nM2
Supplier :
Alomone Labs
Target :
KV1.3, KV1.6 K+ channels
Long Description :
A Blocker KV1.3 and KV1.6 K+ Channels
Short Description :
A Blocker KV1.3 and KV1.6 K+ Channels
MW :
4179 Da
Synonyms :
Potassium channel toxin α-KTx 2.2, MgTX-theraphotoxin-Hh2a, MgTX
Modifications :
Disulfide bonds between: Cys7-Cys29, Cys13-Cys34, and Cys17-Cys36
Molecular formula :
C178H286N52O50S7
Effective Concentration :
50 pM - 50 nM
Activity :
Margatoxin is a blocker of KV1.3 and KV1.6 channels.
Storage of solutions :
The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods (up to 6 months), small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solutions for longer than a few days. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Lead Time :
1-2 Business Days
Country of origin :
Israel/IL
Purity :
≥98% (HPLC)
CAS No :
145808-47-5
Form :
Lyophilized
Comment :
Contact Alomone Labs for technical support and product customization
Sequence :
TIINVKCTSPKQCLPPCKAQFGQSAGAKCMNGKCKCYPH-OH
Is Toxin :
Yes
UNSPSC :
12352202
Bioassay Tested :
yes
Steril endotoxin free :
no
Cited Application :
Electrophysiology
more info or order :
company information
Alomone Labs
Jerusalem BioPark (JBP), Hadassah Ein Kerem
P.O. Box 4287
Jerusalem 9104201
info@alomone.com
http://www.alomone.com
972 2 531 8002
headquarters: Israel