Iberiotoxin | Alomone Labs STI-400 product information

product summary

company name :

Alomone Labs

product type :

chemical

product name :

Iberiotoxin

catalog :

STI-400

more info or order :

Alomone Labs product webpage

citations: 59

Reference
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Lo Y, Lin C, Fang W, Lőrinczi B, Szatmari I, Chang W, et al. Effective Activation by Kynurenic Acid and Its Aminoalkylated Derivatives on M-Type K+ Current. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22: pubmed publisher
Ma D, Gaynullina D, Schmidt N, Mladenov M, Schubert R. The Functional Availability of Arterial Kv7 Channels Is Suppressed Considerably by Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in 2- to 3-Month Old but Not in 10- to 15-Day Old Rats. Front Physiol. 2020;11:597395 pubmed publisher
Chang W, Liu P, Wu S. High Capability of Pentagalloylglucose (PGG) in Inhibiting Multiple Types of Membrane Ionic Currents. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21: pubmed publisher
Chopra R, Bushart D, Cooper J, Yellajoshyula D, Morrison L, Huang H, et al. Altered Capicua expression drives regional Purkinje neuron vulnerability through ion channel gene dysregulation in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. Hum Mol Genet. 2020;29:3249-3265 pubmed publisher
Kicinska A, Kampa R, Daniluk J, Sęk A, Jarmuszkiewicz W, Szewczyk A, et al. Regulation of the Mitochondrial BKCa Channel by the Citrus Flavonoid Naringenin as a Potential Means of Preventing Cell Damage. Molecules. 2020;25: pubmed publisher
Echeverry S, Grismaldo A, Sanchez C, Sierra C, Henao J, Granados S, et al. Activation of BK Channel Contributes to PL-Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration. Front Physiol. 2020;11:210 pubmed publisher
Wang X, Burke S, Talmadge R, Voss A, Rich M. Depressed neuromuscular transmission causes weakness in mice lacking BK potassium channels. J Gen Physiol. 2020;152: pubmed publisher
Lahiri A, Bevan M. Dopaminergic Transmission Rapidly and Persistently Enhances Excitability of D1 Receptor-Expressing Striatal Projection Neurons. Neuron. 2020;106:277-290.e6 pubmed publisher
Stoyas C, Bushart D, Switonski P, Ward J, Alaghatta A, Tang M, et al. Nicotinamide Pathway-Dependent Sirt1 Activation Restores Calcium Homeostasis to Achieve Neuroprotection in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7. Neuron. 2019;: pubmed publisher
Zavaritskaya O, Dudem S, Ma D, Rabab K, Albrecht S, Tsvetkov D, et al. Vasodilation of rat skeletal muscle arteries by the novel BK channel opener GoSlo is mediated by the simultaneous activation of BK and Kv 7 channels. Br J Pharmacol. 2020;177:1164-1186 pubmed publisher
Yang M, James A, Suman R, Kasprowicz R, Nelson M, O Toole P, et al. Voltage-dependent activation of Rac1 by Nav 1.5 channels promotes cell migration. J Cell Physiol. 2020;235:3950-3972 pubmed publisher
Huang M, Liu P, Wu S. Characterization of Perturbing Actions by Verteporfin, a Benzoporphyrin Photosensitizer, on Membrane Ionic Currents. Front Chem. 2019;7:566 pubmed publisher
Airini R, Iordache F, Alexandru D, Savu L, Epureanu F, Mihailescu D, et al. Senescence-induced immunophenotype, gene expression and electrophysiology changes in human amniocytes. J Cell Mol Med. 2019;23:7233-7245 pubmed publisher
Tabatabaee S, Baker D, Selwood D, Whalley B, Stephens G. The Cannabinoid-Like Compound, VSN16R, Acts on Large Conductance, Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels to Modulate Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neuron Firing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2019;12: pubmed publisher
Gutzmann J, Lin L, Hoffman D. Functional Coupling of Cav2.3 and BK Potassium Channels Regulates Action Potential Repolarization and Short-Term Plasticity in the Mouse Hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci. 2019;13:27 pubmed publisher
Hastoy B, Godazgar M, Clark A, Nylander V, Spiliotis I, van de Bunt M, et al. Electrophysiological properties of human beta-cell lines EndoC-βH1 and -βH2 conform with human beta-cells. Sci Rep. 2018;8:16994 pubmed publisher
Zironi I, Gavoçi E, Lattanzi G, Virelli A, Amorini F, Remondini D, et al. BK channel overexpression on plasma membrane of fibroblasts from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Aging (Albany NY). 2018;10:3148-3160 pubmed publisher
Schmid J, Muller B, Heppeler D, Gaynullina D, Kassmann M, Gagov H, et al. The Unexpected Role of Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels: Limitation of NO-Induced Arterial Relaxation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7: pubmed publisher
Perissinotti P, Rivero Echeto M, Garcia Rill E, Bisagno V, Urbano F. Leptin alters somatosensory thalamic networks by decreasing gaba release from reticular thalamic nucleus and action potential frequency at ventrobasal neurons. Brain Struct Funct. 2018;223:2499-2514 pubmed publisher
Bednenko J, Harriman R, Mariën L, Nguyen H, Agrawal A, Papoyan A, et al. A multiplatform strategy for the discovery of conventional monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3. MAbs. 2018;10:636-650 pubmed publisher
Augustynek B, Koprowski P, Rotko D, Kunz W, Szewczyk A, Kulawiak B. Mitochondrial BK Channel Openers CGS7181 and CGS7184 Exhibit Cytotoxic Properties. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19: pubmed publisher
Vierra N, Dadi P, Milian S, Dickerson M, Jordan K, Gilon P, et al. TALK-1 channels control β cell endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ homeostasis. Sci Signal. 2017;10: pubmed publisher
Wölkart G, Schrammel A, Koyani C, Scherübel S, Zorn Pauly K, Malle E, et al. Cardioprotective effects of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural mediated by inhibition of L-type Ca2+ currents. Br J Pharmacol. 2017;174:3640-3653 pubmed publisher
Tsai C, Lee M, Tey S, Liu C, Huang S. Mechanism of resveratrol-induced relaxation in the human gallbladder. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17:254 pubmed publisher
Bellono N, Leitch D, Julius D. Molecular basis of ancestral vertebrate electroreception. Nature. 2017;543:391-396 pubmed publisher
Hsu H, Lo Y, Huang Y, Tseng Y, Wu S. Important modifications by sugammadex, a modified ?-cyclodextrin, of ion currents in differentiated NSC-34 neuronal cells. BMC Neurosci. 2017;18:6 pubmed publisher
Nelson A, Faulstich M, Moghadam S, Onori K, Meredith A, du Lac S. BK Channels Are Required for Multisensory Plasticity in the Oculomotor System. Neuron. 2017;93:211-220 pubmed publisher
Krishnamoorthy G, Reimann K, Wangemann P. Ryanodine-induced vasoconstriction of the gerbil spiral modiolar artery depends on the Ca2+ sensitivity but not on Ca2+ sparks or BK channels. BMC Physiol. 2016;16:6 pubmed
Margas W, Ferron L, Nieto Rostro M, Schwartz A, Dolphin A. Effect of knockout of α2δ-1 on action potentials in mouse sensory neurons. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2016;371: pubmed publisher
Rabbitt R, Brichta A, Tabatabaee H, Boutros P, Ahn J, Della Santina C, et al. Heat pulse excitability of vestibular hair cells and afferent neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2016;116:825-43 pubmed publisher
Li Y, Hu H, Butterworth M, Tian J, Zhu M, O Neil R. Expression of a Diverse Array of Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels (SK1/3, IK1, BK) that Functionally Couple to the Mechanosensitive TRPV4 Channel in the Collecting Duct System of Kidney. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0155006 pubmed publisher
Chen M, Li J, Jiang F, Fu J, Xia X, Du J, et al. Orai1 forms a signal complex with BKCa channel in mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells. Physiol Rep. 2016;4: pubmed publisher
Webb T, Carrisoza Gaytán R, Montalbetti N, Rued A, Roy A, Socovich A, et al. Cell-specific regulation of L-WNK1 by dietary K. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016;310:F15-26 pubmed publisher
Casale A, Foust A, Bal T, McCormick D. Cortical Interneuron Subtypes Vary in Their Axonal Action Potential Properties. J Neurosci. 2015;35:15555-67 pubmed publisher
Venturino A, Oda A, Perin P. Hair cell-type dependent expression of basolateral ion channels shapes response dynamics in the frog utricle. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015;9:338 pubmed publisher
Dell Orco J, Wasserman A, Chopra R, Ingram M, Hu Y, Singh V, et al. Neuronal Atrophy Early in Degenerative Ataxia Is a Compensatory Mechanism to Regulate Membrane Excitability. J Neurosci. 2015;35:11292-307 pubmed publisher
Fernández Mariño A, Cidad P, Zafra D, Nocito L, Dominguez J, Oliván Viguera A, et al. Tungstate-targeting of BKαβ1 channels tunes ERK phosphorylation and cell proliferation in human vascular smooth muscle. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0118148 pubmed publisher
Hsu H, Tseng Y, Lo Y, Wu S. Ability of naringenin, a bioflavonoid, to activate M-type potassium current in motor neuron-like cells and to increase BKCa-channel activity in HEK293T cells transfected with Î±-hSlo subunit. BMC Neurosci. 2014;15:135 pubmed publisher
Beltrán C, Rodriguez Miranda E, Granados González G, de De la Torre L, Nishigaki T, Darszon A. Zn(2+) induces hyperpolarization by activation of a K(+) channel and increases intracellular Ca(2+) and pH in sea urchin spermatozoa. Dev Biol. 2014;394:15-23 pubmed publisher
Rowan M, Tranquil E, Christie J. Distinct Kv channel subtypes contribute to differences in spike signaling properties in the axon initial segment and presynaptic boutons of cerebellar interneurons. J Neurosci. 2014;34:6611-23 pubmed publisher
Berrout J, Mamenko M, Zaika O, Chen L, Zhang W, Pochynyuk O, et al. Emerging role of the calcium-activated, small conductance, SK3 K+ channel in distal tubule function: regulation by TRPV4. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e95149 pubmed publisher
Wang K, Lin M, Adelman J, Maylie J. Distinct Ca2+ sources in dendritic spines of hippocampal CA1 neurons couple to SK and Kv4 channels. Neuron. 2014;81:379-87 pubmed publisher
Chen M, Sun H, Hu P, Wang C, Li B, Li S, et al. Activation of BKca channels mediates hippocampal neuronal death after reoxygenation and reperfusion. Mol Neurobiol. 2013;48:794-807 pubmed publisher
Weisbrod D, Peretz A, Ziskind A, Menaker N, Oz S, Barad L, et al. SK4 Ca2+ activated K+ channel is a critical player in cardiac pacemaker derived from human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:E1685-94 pubmed publisher
Brereton M, Wareing M, Jones R, Greenwood S. Characterisation of K+ channels in human fetoplacental vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e57451 pubmed publisher
Wu S, Hsu M, Liao Y, Wu F, Jong Y, Lo Y. Evidence for inhibitory effects of flupirtine, a centrally acting analgesic, on delayed rectifier k(+) currents in motor neuron-like cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:148403 pubmed publisher
Cao X, Chen S, Li L, Pan H. Nerve injury increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels to suppress BK channel activity in primary sensory neurons. J Neurochem. 2012;121:944-53 pubmed publisher
So E, Hsing C, Liang C, Wu S. The actions of mdivi-1, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission, on rapidly activating delayed-rectifier K? current and membrane potential in HL-1 murine atrial cardiomyocytes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012;683:1-9 pubmed publisher
Jin M, Berrout J, Chen L, O Neil R. Hypotonicity-induced TRPV4 function in renal collecting duct cells: modulation by progressive cross-talk with Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Cell Calcium. 2012;51:131-9 pubmed publisher
Wu S, Yeh C, Huang H, Yang W. Cholesterol depletion with (2-hydroxypropyl)- β-cyclodextrin modifies the gating of membrane electroporation-induced inward current in pituitary tumor GH3 cells: experimental and analytical studies. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2011;28:959-68 pubmed publisher
Otsubo T, Kostuk E, Balbir A, Fujii K, Shirahata M. Differential Expression of Large-Conductance Ca-Activated K Channels in the Carotid Body between DBA/2J and A/J Strains of Mice. Front Cell Neurosci. 2011;5:19 pubmed publisher
Alle H, Kubota H, Geiger J. Sparse but highly efficient Kv3 outpace BKCa channels in action potential repolarization at hippocampal mossy fiber boutons. J Neurosci. 2011;31:8001-12 pubmed publisher
Kita M, Yunoki T, Takimoto K, Miyazato M, Kita K, de Groat W, et al. Effects of bladder outlet obstruction on properties of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in rat bladder. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010;298:R1310-9 pubmed publisher
Zhang X, Mok L, Katz E, Gold M. BKCa currents are enriched in a subpopulation of adult rat cutaneous nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons. Eur J Neurosci. 2010;31:450-62 pubmed publisher
Imlach W, Finch S, Miller J, Meredith A, Dalziel J. A role for BK channels in heart rate regulation in rodents. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e8698 pubmed publisher
Bukiya A, Liu J, Dopico A. The BK channel accessory beta1 subunit determines alcohol-induced cerebrovascular constriction. FEBS Lett. 2009;583:2779-84 pubmed publisher
Mello de Queiroz F, Ponte C, Bonomo A, Vianna Jorge R, Suarez Kurtz G. Study of membrane potential in T lymphocytes subpopulations using flow cytometry. BMC Immunol. 2008;9:63 pubmed publisher
Liu Y, Wang Y, Wu S. The mechanisms of propofol-induced block on ion currents in differentiated H9c2 cardiac cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008;590:93-8 pubmed publisher

image

image 1 :

Alomone Labs Iberiotoxin inhibits KCa1.1 channels (mSlo)heterologously expressed inXenopusoocytes. - A. Time course of KCa1.1 channel current amplitude before (black) during (green marked by horizontal bar) application of 100 nMIberiotoxin(#STI-400) for 200 sec and upon wash of the toxin. Currents were elicited every 10 sec by ramp stimulation to +100 mV from a holding of ?100 mV for 100 msec. B. Superimposed example current responses before (black) and during (green) application of 100 nM Iberiotoxin (taken from the experiment in A).

image 2 :

Alomone Labs Alosetron hydrochloride blocks 5HT3A receptors expressed in HEK 293T cells. - 5-HT3A receptor currents were elicited with 10 M 5-HT delivered every 3 minutes. Alosetron hydrochloride (#A-236) was applied 30 seconds before stimulation at 1 10 and 100 nM as indicated and completely inhibited the 5-HT induced current in a dose-dependent and reversible manner.

product information

cat :

STI-400

SKU :

STI-400_0.1 mg

Product Name :

Iberiotoxin

Group Type :

Non Antibodies

Product Type :

Proteins

Accession :

P24663

Accession Number :

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P24663/entry

Applications :

Electrophysiology

Formulation :

Lyophilized from double distilled water (ddH2O). May contain TFA as a residual counter ion.

Storage After Reconstitution :

The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods (up to 6 months), small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solutions for longer than a few days. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

Reconstitution and Solubility :

Centrifuge the vial (10,000 × g for 5 minutes) before adding solvent to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Gently tap, tilt, and roll the vial to aid dissolution. Avoid vigorous vortexing; light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.

Solubility :

Centrifuge the vial before adding solvent (10,000 x g for 5 minutes) to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Tap the vial to aid in dissolving the lyophilized product. Tilt and gently roll the liquid over the walls of the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. Light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.

Storage Before Reconstitution :

The product is shipped as a lyophilized powder at room temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at -20°C. Protect from moisture.

Origin :

Hottentotta tamulus (Eastern Indian scorpion) (Mesobuthus tamulus)

Source :

Synthetic peptide

Gene ID :

KCNMA1

Product Page - Scientific background :

Iberiotoxin is a 37 amino acid peptidyl toxin isolated from the scorpion Mesobuthus tamulus and was shown to block large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in smooth muscle cells1. Later it was shown to specifically block KCa1.1 (Slo) channels with Ki of about 1 nM2. In addition, experiments with cloned KCa1.1 channels demonstrate the strong effect of the sloβ subunits on the potency of block by Iberiotoxin3.

Supplier :

Alomone Labs

Target :

KCa1.1 K+ channels

Long Description :

A Potent and Specific Blocker of KCa1.1 K+ Channels

Short Description :

A Potent and Specific Blocker of KCa1.1 K+ Channels

MW :

4230.8 Da

Synonyms :

K+ channel toxin α-KTx 1.3, IbTx

Modifications :

Disulfide bonds between: Cys7-Cys28, Cys13-Cys33, and Cys17-Cys35 Z = Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid

Molecular formula :

C179H274N50O55S7

Effective Concentration :

50 - 100 nM

Activity :

Iberiotoxin is a potent selective blocker of the high conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (maxi-K).

Storage of solutions :

Lead Time :

1-2 Business Days

Country of origin :

Israel/IL

Purity :

≥98% (HPLC)

CAS No :

129203-60-7

Form :

Lyophilized

Comment :

Contact Alomone Labs for technical support and product customization

Sequence :

ZFTDVDCSVSKECWSVCKDLFGVDRGKCMGKKCRCYQ-OH

Is Toxin :

Yes

UNSPSC :

12352202

Bioassay Tested :

yes

Steril endotoxin free :

Cited Application :

Electrophysiology

more info or order :

Alomone Labs product webpage