product summary
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company name :
Alomone Labs
product type :
chemical
product name :
ATX-II
catalog :
STA-700
more info or order :
citations: 19
Reference
Thomet U, Amuzescu B, Knott T, Mann S, Mubagwa K, Radu B. Assessment of proarrhythmogenic risk for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine using the CiPA concept. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021;913:174632 pubmed publisher
Okada J, Yoshinaga T, Washio T, Sawada K, Sugiura S, Hisada T. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine provoke arrhythmias at concentrations higher than those clinically used to treat COVID-19: A simulation study. Clin Transl Sci. 2021;14:1092-1100 pubmed publisher
Tran P, Sheng J, Randolph A, Baron C, Thiebaud N, Ren M, et al. Mechanisms of QT prolongation by buprenorphine cannot be explained by direct hERG channel block. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0241362 pubmed publisher
Song L, Zhang Z, Hu L, Zhang P, Cao Z, Liu Z, et al. Curcumin, a Multi-Ion Channel Blocker That Preferentially Blocks Late Na+ Current and Prevents I/R-Induced Arrhythmias. Front Physiol. 2020;11:978 pubmed publisher
Thull S, Neacsu C, O Reilly A, Bothe S, Hausmann R, Huth T, et al. Dataset of electrophysiological patch-clamp recordings of the effect of the compounds deltamethrin, ATx-II and β4-peptide on human cardiac Nav1.5 sodium channel gating properties. Data Brief. 2020;31:105844 pubmed publisher
Cao Z, Liu Z, Zhang P, Hu L, Hao J, Zhang P, et al. Sodium Houttuyfonate Inhibits Voltage-Gated Peak Sodium Current and Anemonia Sulcata Toxin II-Increased Late Sodium Current in Rabbit Ventricular Myocytes. Pharmacology. 2018;102:253-261 pubmed publisher
Koleske M, Bonilla I, Thomas J, Zaman N, Baine S, Knollmann B, et al. Tetrodotoxin-sensitive Navs contribute to early and delayed afterdepolarizations in long QT arrhythmia models. J Gen Physiol. 2018;150:991-1002 pubmed publisher
Gilchrist J, Bosmans F. Using voltage-sensor toxins and their molecular targets to investigate NaV 1.8 gating. J Physiol. 2017;: pubmed publisher
Browne L, Smith K, Jagger D. Identification of Persistent and Resurgent Sodium Currents in Spiral Ganglion Neurons Cultured from the Mouse Cochlea. Eneuro. 2017;4: pubmed publisher
Wei X, Yu S, Ren L, Huang S, Yang Q, Wang P, et al. Inhibition of late sodium current suppresses calcium-related ventricular arrhythmias by reducing the phosphorylation of CaMK-II and sodium channel expressions. Sci Rep. 2017;7:981 pubmed publisher
Hampl M, Eberhardt E, O Reilly A, Lampert A. Sodium channel slow inactivation interferes with open channel block. Sci Rep. 2016;6:25974 pubmed publisher
Kornyeyev D, El Bizri N, Hirakawa R, Nguyen S, Viatchenko Karpinski S, Yao L, et al. Contribution of the late sodium current to intracellular sodium and calcium overload in rabbit ventricular myocytes treated by anemone toxin. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2016;310:H426-35 pubmed publisher
Shinnawi R, Huber I, Maizels L, Shaheen N, Gepstein A, Arbel G, et al. Monitoring Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes with Genetically Encoded Calcium and Voltage Fluorescent Reporters. Stem Cell Reports. 2015;5:582-96 pubmed publisher
Viatchenko Karpinski S, Kornyeyev D, El Bizri N, Budas G, Fan P, Jiang Z, et al. Intracellular Na+ overload causes oxidation of CaMKII and leads to Ca2+ mishandling in isolated ventricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2014;76:247-56 pubmed publisher
Elíes J, Dallas M, Boyle J, Scragg J, Duke A, Steele D, et al. Inhibition of the cardiac Na? channel Nav1.5 by carbon monoxide. J Biol Chem. 2014;289:16421-9 pubmed publisher
Lewis A, Raman I. Interactions among DIV voltage-sensor movement, fast inactivation, and resurgent Na current induced by the NaVβ4 open-channel blocking peptide. J Gen Physiol. 2013;142:191-206 pubmed publisher
Bant J, Aman T, Raman I. Antagonism of lidocaine inhibition by open-channel blockers that generate resurgent Na current. J Neurosci. 2013;33:4976-87 pubmed publisher
Klinger A, Eberhardt M, Link A, Namer B, Kutsche L, Schuy E, et al. Sea-anemone toxin ATX-II elicits A-fiber-dependent pain and enhances resurgent and persistent sodium currents in large sensory neurons. Mol Pain. 2012;8:69 pubmed publisher
Markham M, McAnelly M, Stoddard P, Zakon H. Circadian and social cues regulate ion channel trafficking. PLoS Biol. 2009;7:e1000203 pubmed publisher
image
image 1 :
Alomone Labs STA-700 image 1
Alomone Labs ATX-II enhances hNaV1.5 currents in stably transfected HEK cells. - hNaV1.5 currents were elicited by a 50 ms voltage step from the holding potential of -100 mV to -20 mV applied every 20 sec using whole-cell voltage clamp technique (bath solution contains TEA and pipette solution contains CsF). A. Time course showing the effect of 0.05 nM 0.5 nM 5 nM and 50 nMATX-II(#STA-700) on the current area indicating a dose-dependent slowing of the hNaV1.5 inactivation. B. Superimposed traces of hNaV1.5 currents under control conditions and after 4-6 min perfusion with 0.05 nM 0.5 nM 5 nM and 50 nM ATX-II as indicated.
image 2 :
Alomone Labs STA-700 image 2
Western blot analysis of rat (lanes 1 and 3) and mouse (lanes 2 and 4) brain lysates: - 12.Anti-P2X6 Receptor (extracellular)Antibody (#APR-028) (1:200).34. Anti-P2X6 Receptor (extracellular) Antibody preincubated with the negative control antigen.
product information
cat :
STA-700
SKU :
STA-700_0.1 mg
Product Name :
ATX-II
Group Type :
Non Antibodies
Product Type :
Proteins
Accession :
P01528
Accession Number :
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01528/entry
Applications :
Electrophysiology
Formulation :
Lyophilized from double distilled water (ddH2O). May contain TFA as a residual counter ion.
Storage After Reconstitution :
The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods (up to 6 months), small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solutions for longer than a few days. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Reconstitution and Solubility :
Centrifuge the vial (10,000 × g for 5 minutes) before adding solvent to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Gently tap, tilt, and roll the vial to aid dissolution. Avoid vigorous vortexing; light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.
Solubility :
Centrifuge the vial before adding solvent (10,000 x g for 5 minutes) to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Tap the vial to aid in dissolving the lyophilized product. Tilt and gently roll the liquid over the walls of the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. Light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.
Storage Before Reconstitution :
The product is shipped as a lyophilized powder at room temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at -20°C. Protect from moisture.
Origin :
Anemonia sulcata (Mediterranean snakelocks sea anemone)
Source :
Synthetic peptide
Gene ID :
SCN1A,SCN2A,SCN3A,SCN4A,SCN5A,SCN8A,SCN9A
Product Page - Scientific background :
ATX-II is a 47 amino acid peptidyl toxin, originally isolated from Anemonia sulcata sea anemone venoM It is a potent neurotoxin, which modulates voltage-gated Na+ channel gating kinetics by delaying its inactivation and prolonging the action potential of excitable membranes.ATX-II has been used as a powerful activator of TTX-sensitive and -insensitive Na+ channels in various excitable tissue and cell types (at concentration range of 10-100 nM).1-9
Supplier :
Alomone Labs
Target :
Various NaV channels
Long Description :
A Modulator of NaV Channels
Short Description :
A Modulator of NaV Channels
MW :
4935 Da
Synonyms :
Neurotoxin 2, Toxin ATX-II, As2, Anemonia viridis toxin 2, Av2, Delta-actitoxin-Avd1c 2, Toxin II
Modifications :
Disulfide bonds between: Cys4-Cys44, Cys6-Cys34 and Cys27-Cys45
Molecular formula :
C213H323N63O61S6
Effective Concentration :
10 - 100 nM
Activity :
ATX-II potently modulates voltage-gated Na+ channel gating kinetics by delaying its inactivation and prolonging the action potential of excitable membranes. ATX-II has been used as a powerful activator of TTX-sensitive and insensitive Na+ channels in various excitable tissue and cell types1-9.
Storage of solutions :
The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods (up to 6 months), small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solutions for longer than a few days. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Lead Time :
1-2 Business Days
Country of origin :
Israel/IL
Purity :
≥98% (HPLC)
CAS No :
60748-45-0
Form :
Lyophilized
Comment :
Contact Alomone Labs for technical support and product customization
Sequence :
GVPCLCDSDGPSVRGNTLSGIIWLAGCPSGWHNCKKHGP
TIGWCCKQ-OH
Is Toxin :
Yes
UNSPSC :
12352202
Bioassay Tested :
yes
Steril endotoxin free :
no
Cited Application :
Electrophysiology
more info or order :
company information
Alomone Labs
Jerusalem BioPark (JBP), Hadassah Ein Kerem
P.O. Box 4287
Jerusalem 9104201
info@alomone.com
http://www.alomone.com
972 2 531 8002
headquarters: Israel