Apamin | Alomone Labs STA-200 product information

product summary

company name :

Alomone Labs

product type :

chemical

product name :

Apamin

catalog :

STA-200

more info or order :

Alomone Labs product webpage

citations: 44

Reference
Irie T. Essential Role of Somatic Kv2 Channels in High-Frequency Firing in Cartwheel Cells of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus. Eneuro. 2021;8: pubmed publisher
Simkin D, Marshall K, Vanoye C, Desai R, Bustos B, Piyevsky B, et al. Dyshomeostatic modulation of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in a human neuronal model of KCNQ2 encephalopathy. elife. 2021;10: pubmed publisher
Lo Y, Lin C, Fang W, Lőrinczi B, Szatmari I, Chang W, et al. Effective Activation by Kynurenic Acid and Its Aminoalkylated Derivatives on M-Type K+ Current. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22: pubmed publisher
Lan H, Xu Q, El Battrawy I, Zhong R, Li X, Lang S, et al. Ionic Mechanisms of Disopyramide Prolonging Action Potential Duration in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes From a Patient With Short QT Syndrome Type 1. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:554422 pubmed publisher
Saljic A, Muthukumarasamy K, la Cour J, Boddum K, Grunnet M, Berchtold M, et al. Impact of arrhythmogenic calmodulin variants on small conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (SK3) channels. Physiol Rep. 2019;7:e14210 pubmed publisher
Mohan S, Nath M, Biala Y, Yaari Y. Regulation of neuronal Na+/K+-ATPase by specific protein kinases and protein phosphatases. J Neurosci. 2019;: pubmed publisher
Kearney G, Zorrilla de San Martín J, Vattino L, Elgoyhen A, Wedemeyer C, Katz E. Developmental Synaptic Changes at the Transient Olivocochlear-Inner Hair Cell Synapse. J Neurosci. 2019;39:3360-3375 pubmed publisher
Chen T, Lai M, Hung T, Lin K, Huang C, Wu S. Pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ Activator, Stimulates BKCa but Suppresses IK M in Hippocampal Neurons. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:977 pubmed publisher
Nam Y, Orfali R, Liu T, Yu K, Cui M, Wulff H, et al. Structural insights into the potency of SK channel positive modulators. Sci Rep. 2017;7:17178 pubmed publisher
Zhang Y, Huang H. SK Channels Regulate Resting Properties and Signaling Reliability of a Developing Fast-Spiking Neuron. J Neurosci. 2017;37:10738-10747 pubmed publisher
Vierra N, Dadi P, Milian S, Dickerson M, Jordan K, Gilon P, et al. TALK-1 channels control β cell endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ homeostasis. Sci Signal. 2017;10: pubmed publisher
Wölkart G, Schrammel A, Koyani C, Scherübel S, Zorn Pauly K, Malle E, et al. Cardioprotective effects of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural mediated by inhibition of L-type Ca2+ currents. Br J Pharmacol. 2017;174:3640-3653 pubmed publisher
Yücel G, Zhao Z, El Battrawy I, Lan H, Lang S, Li X, et al. Lipopolysaccharides induced inflammatory responses and electrophysiological dysfunctions in human-induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep. 2017;7:2935 pubmed publisher
Babiec W, Jami S, Guglietta R, Chen P, O Dell T. Differential Regulation of NMDA Receptor-Mediated Transmission by SK Channels Underlies Dorsal-Ventral Differences in Dynamics of Schaffer Collateral Synaptic Function. J Neurosci. 2017;37:1950-1964 pubmed publisher
Hsu H, Lo Y, Huang Y, Tseng Y, Wu S. Important modifications by sugammadex, a modified ?-cyclodextrin, of ion currents in differentiated NSC-34 neuronal cells. BMC Neurosci. 2017;18:6 pubmed publisher
Sargin D, Oliver D, Lambe E. Chronic social isolation reduces 5-HT neuronal activity via upregulated SK3 calcium-activated potassium channels. elife. 2016;5: pubmed publisher
Yang T, Zhang H, Liang Q, Shi Y, Mei Y, Barrett P, et al. Small-Conductance Ca2+-Activated Potassium Channels Negatively Regulate Aldosterone Secretion in Human Adrenocortical Cells. Hypertension. 2016;68:785-95 pubmed publisher
Margas W, Ferron L, Nieto Rostro M, Schwartz A, Dolphin A. Effect of knockout of α2δ-1 on action potentials in mouse sensory neurons. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2016;371: pubmed publisher
Li Y, Hu H, Butterworth M, Tian J, Zhu M, O Neil R. Expression of a Diverse Array of Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels (SK1/3, IK1, BK) that Functionally Couple to the Mechanosensitive TRPV4 Channel in the Collecting Duct System of Kidney. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0155006 pubmed publisher
Mader F, Krause L, Tokay T, Hakenberg O, Köhling R, Kirschstein T. P2Y receptor-mediated transient relaxation of rat longitudinal ileum preparations involves phospholipase C activation, intracellular Ca(2+) release and SK channel activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2016;37:617-28 pubmed publisher
Hsu H, Tseng Y, Lo Y, Wu S. Ability of naringenin, a bioflavonoid, to activate M-type potassium current in motor neuron-like cells and to increase BKCa-channel activity in HEK293T cells transfected with Î±-hSlo subunit. BMC Neurosci. 2014;15:135 pubmed publisher
Berrout J, Mamenko M, Zaika O, Chen L, Zhang W, Pochynyuk O, et al. Emerging role of the calcium-activated, small conductance, SK3 K+ channel in distal tubule function: regulation by TRPV4. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e95149 pubmed publisher
Jones S, Stuart G. Different calcium sources control somatic versus dendritic SK channel activation during action potentials. J Neurosci. 2013;33:19396-405 pubmed publisher
Arias García M, Tapia D, Flores Barrera E, Pérez Ortega J, Bargas J, Galarraga E. Duration differences of corticostriatal responses in striatal projection neurons depend on calcium activated potassium currents. Front Syst Neurosci. 2013;7:63 pubmed publisher
Weisbrod D, Peretz A, Ziskind A, Menaker N, Oz S, Barad L, et al. SK4 Ca2+ activated K+ channel is a critical player in cardiac pacemaker derived from human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:E1685-94 pubmed publisher
Zhang C, Rønnekleiv O, Kelly M. Kisspeptin inhibits a slow afterhyperpolarization current via protein kinase C and reduces spike frequency adaptation in GnRH neurons. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013;304:E1237-44 pubmed publisher
Priem E, De Maeyer J, Lefebvre R. Influence of phosphodiesterases on basal and 5-HT? receptor facilitated cholinergic contractility in pig descending colon. Eur J Pharmacol. 2013;705:156-63 pubmed publisher
Brereton M, Wareing M, Jones R, Greenwood S. Characterisation of K+ channels in human fetoplacental vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e57451 pubmed publisher
Vandael D, Zuccotti A, Striessnig J, Carbone E. Ca(V)1.3-driven SK channel activation regulates pacemaking and spike frequency adaptation in mouse chromaffin cells. J Neurosci. 2012;32:16345-59 pubmed publisher
Wu S, Hsu M, Liao Y, Wu F, Jong Y, Lo Y. Evidence for inhibitory effects of flupirtine, a centrally acting analgesic, on delayed rectifier k(+) currents in motor neuron-like cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:148403 pubmed publisher
So E, Hsing C, Liang C, Wu S. The actions of mdivi-1, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission, on rapidly activating delayed-rectifier K? current and membrane potential in HL-1 murine atrial cardiomyocytes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012;683:1-9 pubmed publisher
Jin M, Berrout J, Chen L, O Neil R. Hypotonicity-induced TRPV4 function in renal collecting duct cells: modulation by progressive cross-talk with Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Cell Calcium. 2012;51:131-9 pubmed publisher
Wu S, Yeh C, Huang H, Yang W. Cholesterol depletion with (2-hydroxypropyl)- β-cyclodextrin modifies the gating of membrane electroporation-induced inward current in pituitary tumor GH3 cells: experimental and analytical studies. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2011;28:959-68 pubmed publisher
Kita M, Yunoki T, Takimoto K, Miyazato M, Kita K, de Groat W, et al. Effects of bladder outlet obstruction on properties of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in rat bladder. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010;298:R1310-9 pubmed publisher
Artinian L, Tornieri K, Zhong L, Baro D, Rehder V. Nitric oxide acts as a volume transmitter to modulate electrical properties of spontaneously firing neurons via apamin-sensitive potassium channels. J Neurosci. 2010;30:1699-711 pubmed publisher
Schlichter L, Kaushal V, Moxon Emre I, Sivagnanam V, Vincent C. The Ca2+ activated SK3 channel is expressed in microglia in the rat striatum and contributes to microglia-mediated neurotoxicity in vitro. J Neuroinflammation. 2010;7:4 pubmed publisher
Traut M, Berg D, Berg U, Mayerhofer A, Kunz L. Identification and characterization of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in granulosa cells of the human ovary. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2009;7:28 pubmed publisher
Faber E, Delaney A, Power J, Sedlak P, Crane J, Sah P. Modulation of SK channel trafficking by beta adrenoceptors enhances excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity in the amygdala. J Neurosci. 2008;28:10803-13 pubmed publisher
Liu Y, Wang Y, Wu S. The mechanisms of propofol-induced block on ion currents in differentiated H9c2 cardiac cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008;590:93-8 pubmed publisher
Donato R, Page K, Koch D, Nieto Rostro M, Foucault I, Davies A, et al. The ducky(2J) mutation in Cacna2d2 results in reduced spontaneous Purkinje cell activity and altered gene expression. J Neurosci. 2006;26:12576-86 pubmed
Shah M, Javadzadeh Tabatabaie M, Benton D, Ganellin C, Haylett D. Enhancement of hippocampal pyramidal cell excitability by the novel selective slow-afterhyperpolarization channel blocker 3-(triphenylmethylaminomethyl)pyridine (UCL2077). Mol Pharmacol. 2006;70:1494-502 pubmed
Matchkov V, Aalkjaer C, Nilsson H. A cyclic GMP-dependent calcium-activated chloride current in smooth-muscle cells from rat mesenteric resistance arteries. J Gen Physiol. 2004;123:121-34 pubmed
Göpel S, Kanno T, Barg S, Eliasson L, Galvanovskis J, Renstrom E, et al. Activation of Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels contributes to rhythmic firing of action potentials in mouse pancreatic beta cells. J Gen Physiol. 1999;114:759-70 pubmed
Wilson S, Pappone P. P2 receptor modulation of voltage-gated potassium currents in Brown adipocytes. J Gen Physiol. 1999;113:125-38 pubmed

image

image 1 :

Peptide RTSDSRDHTRVDWKR(C) corresponding to amino acid residues 271-285 of rat GluR1(AccessionP19490). Extracellular N-terminus.

image 2 :

Peptide NVGNINNDKKDETYR(C) corresponding to amino acid residues179-193 of rat GluR2 (AccessionP19491). Extracellular N-terminus.

product information

cat :

STA-200

SKU :

STA-200_0.5 mg

Product Name :

Apamin

Group Type :

Non Antibodies

Product Type :

Proteins

Accession :

P01500

Accession Number :

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01500/entry

Applications :

Electrophysiology

Formulation :

Lyophilized from double distilled water (ddH2O). May contain TFA as a residual counter ion.

Storage After Reconstitution :

The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods (up to 6 months), small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solutions for longer than a few days. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

Reconstitution and Solubility :

Centrifuge the vial (10,000 × g for 5 minutes) before adding solvent to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Gently tap, tilt, and roll the vial to aid dissolution. Avoid vigorous vortexing; light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.

Solubility :

Centrifuge the vial before adding solvent (10,000 x g for 5 minutes) to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Tap the vial to aid in dissolving the lyophilized product. Tilt and gently roll the liquid over the walls of the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. Light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.

Storage Before Reconstitution :

The product is shipped as a lyophilized powder at room temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at -20°C. Protect from moisture.

Origin :

Apis mellifera (Honeybee)

Source :

Synthetic peptide

Gene ID :

KCNN1,KCNN2,KCNN3

Product Page - Scientific background :

Apamin is a natural peptide isolated and purified from Apis mellifera bee venoM Apamin blocks small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK). It is specific for the SK1-3 isoforms, but ineffective in blocking other calcium activated K+ channels2. In mammalian cell lines, Apamin blocks expressed hSK1 with an IC50 of ~10 nM3, rSK1 and rSK2 with IC50 of ~3 and

Supplier :

Alomone Labs

Target :

KCa2 K+ channels

Long Description :

A Blocker of Small Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels (SK Type)

Short Description :

A Blocker of Small Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels (SK Type)

MW :

2027.3 Da

Synonyms :

APM, Apamine

Modifications :

Disulfide bonds between: Cys1-Cys11, and Cys3-Cys15 His18 - C-terminal amidation

Molecular formula :

C79H131N31O24S4

Effective Concentration :

100 nM - 1 µM

Activity :

Apamin is a blocker of voltage-independent Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels1.

Storage of solutions :

Lead Time :

1-2 Business Days

Country of origin :

Israel/IL

Purity :

≥98% (HPLC)

CAS No :

24345-16-2

Form :

Lyophilized

Comment :

Contact Alomone Labs for technical support and product customization

Sequence :

CNCKAPETALCARRCQQH-NH2

Is Toxin :

Yes

UNSPSC :

12352202

Bioassay Tested :

yes

Steril endotoxin free :

more info or order :

Alomone Labs product webpage