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company name :
Alomone Labs
product type :
chemical
product name :
SNX-482
catalog :
RTS-500
more info or order :
citations: 44
Reference
Cook D, Ryan T. GABABR silencing of nerve terminals. elife. 2023;12: pubmed publisher
Bhandari P, Vandael D, Fernández Fernández D, Fritzius T, Kleindienst D, Önal C, et al. GABAB receptor auxiliary subunits modulate Cav2.3-mediated release from medial habenula terminals. elife. 2021;10: pubmed publisher
Nikolaev Y, Feketa V, Anderson E, Schneider E, Gracheva E, Bagriantsev S. Lamellar cells in Pacinian and Meissner corpuscles are touch sensors. Sci Adv. 2020;6: pubmed publisher
Govindaiah G, Campbell P, Guido W. Differential Distribution of Ca2+ Channel Subtypes at Retinofugal Synapses. Eneuro. 2020;7: pubmed publisher
Zhu B, Feng Z, Guo Y, Zhang T, Mai A, Kang Z, et al. F0F1 ATP synthase regulates extracellular calcium influx in human neutrophils by interacting with Cav2.3 and modulates neutrophil accumulation in the lipopolysaccharide-challenged lung. Cell Commun Signal. 2020;18:19 pubmed publisher
Vergari E, Denwood G, Salehi A, Zhang Q, Adam J, Alrifaiy A, et al. Somatostatin secretion by Na+-dependent Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release in pancreatic delta-cells. Nat Metab. 2020;2:32-40 pubmed publisher
Kirchner M, Armstrong W, Guan D, Ueta Y, FOEHRING R. PIP2 alters of Ca2+ currents in acutely dissociated supraoptic oxytocin neurons. Physiol Rep. 2019;7:e14198 pubmed publisher
Stephani F, Scheuer V, Eckrich T, Blum K, Wang W, Obermair G, et al. Deletion of the Ca2+ Channel Subunit α2δ3 Differentially Affects Cav2.1 and Cav2.2 Currents in Cultured Spiral Ganglion Neurons Before and After the Onset of Hearing. Front Cell Neurosci. 2019;13:278 pubmed publisher
Kearney G, Zorrilla de San Martín J, Vattino L, Elgoyhen A, Wedemeyer C, Katz E. Developmental Synaptic Changes at the Transient Olivocochlear-Inner Hair Cell Synapse. J Neurosci. 2019;39:3360-3375 pubmed publisher
Hastoy B, Godazgar M, Clark A, Nylander V, Spiliotis I, van de Bunt M, et al. Electrophysiological properties of human beta-cell lines EndoC-βH1 and -βH2 conform with human beta-cells. Sci Rep. 2018;8:16994 pubmed publisher
Rendón Ochoa E, Hernández Flores T, Avilés Rosas V, Cáceres Chávez V, Duhne M, Laville A, et al. Calcium currents in striatal fast-spiking interneurons: dopaminergic modulation of CaV1 channels. BMC Neurosci. 2018;19:42 pubmed publisher
Cheng P, Wang Y, Chen Y, Cheng R, Yang J, Huang R. Differential regulation of nimodipine-sensitive and -insensitive Ca2+ influx by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and mitochondria in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons. J Biomed Sci. 2018;25:44 pubmed publisher
Kim J, Choi S, Lee S, Park K. Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels promote branching morphogenesis of salivary glands by patterning differential growth. Sci Rep. 2018;8:7566 pubmed publisher
Moutal A, Sun L, Yang X, Li W, Cai S, Luo S, et al. CRMP2-Neurofibromin Interface Drives NF1-related Pain. Neuroscience. 2018;381:79-90 pubmed publisher
Folci A, Steinberger A, Lee B, Stanika R, Scheruebel S, Campiglio M, et al. Molecular mimicking of C-terminal phosphorylation tunes the surface dynamics of CaV1.2 calcium channels in hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem. 2018;293:1040-1053 pubmed publisher
Resch J, Fenselau H, Madara J, Wu C, Campbell J, Lyubetskaya A, et al. Aldosterone-Sensing Neurons in the NTS Exhibit State-Dependent Pacemaker Activity and Drive Sodium Appetite via Synergy with Angiotensin II Signaling. Neuron. 2017;96:190-206.e7 pubmed publisher
Stanika R, Campiglio M, Pinggera A, Lee A, Striessnig J, Flucher B, et al. Splice variants of the CaV1.3 L-type calcium channel regulate dendritic spine morphology. Sci Rep. 2016;6:34528 pubmed publisher
Xie L, Dolai S, Kang Y, Liang T, Xie H, Qin T, et al. Syntaxin-3 Binds and Regulates Both R- and L-Type Calcium Channels in Insulin-Secreting INS-1 832/13 Cells. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0147862 pubmed publisher
Sugino S, Farrag M, Ruiz Velasco V. Gα14 subunit-mediated inhibition of voltage-gated Ca2+ and K+ channels via neurokinin-1 receptors in rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2016;115:1577-86 pubmed publisher
Rudolph S, Hull C, Regehr W. Active Dendrites and Differential Distribution of Calcium Channels Enable Functional Compartmentalization of Golgi Cells. J Neurosci. 2015;35:15492-504 pubmed publisher
Gerencser A, Mulder H, Nicholls D. Calcium modulation of exocytosis-linked plasma membrane potential oscillations in INS-1 832/13 cells. Biochem J. 2015;471:111-22 pubmed publisher
Kimm T, Bean B. Inhibition of A-type potassium current by the peptide toxin SNX-482. J Neurosci. 2014;34:9182-9 pubmed publisher
Lv P, Kim H, Lee J, Sihn C, Fathabad Gharaie S, Mousavi Nik A, et al. Genetic, cellular, and functional evidence for Ca2+ inflow through Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 channels in murine spiral ganglion neurons. J Neurosci. 2014;34:7383-93 pubmed publisher
Duan J, Hodgdon K, Hingtgen C, Nicol G. N-type calcium current, Cav2.2, is enhanced in small-diameter sensory neurons isolated from Nf1+/- mice. Neuroscience. 2014;270:192-202 pubmed publisher
Wang K, Lin M, Adelman J, Maylie J. Distinct Ca2+ sources in dendritic spines of hippocampal CA1 neurons couple to SK and Kv4 channels. Neuron. 2014;81:379-87 pubmed publisher
Jones S, Stuart G. Different calcium sources control somatic versus dendritic SK channel activation during action potentials. J Neurosci. 2013;33:19396-405 pubmed publisher
Yang L, Topia I, Schneider T, Stephens G. Phorbol ester modulation of Ca2+ channels mediates nociceptive transmission in dorsal horn neurones. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2013;6:777-87 pubmed publisher
Won Y, Ono F, Ikeda S. Characterization of Na+ and Ca2+ channels in zebrafish dorsal root ganglion neurons. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e42602 pubmed publisher
Abitbol K, McLean H, Bessiron T, Daniel H. A new signalling pathway for parallel fibre presynaptic type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR4) in the rat cerebellar cortex. J Physiol. 2012;590:2977-94 pubmed publisher
Chalifoux J, Carter A. Glutamate spillover promotes the generation of NMDA spikes. J Neurosci. 2011;31:16435-46 pubmed publisher
Hao M, Boesmans W, Van den Abbeel V, Jennings E, Bornstein J, Young H, et al. Early emergence of neural activity in the developing mouse enteric nervous system. J Neurosci. 2011;31:15352-61 pubmed publisher
Tobin V, Douglas A, Leng G, Ludwig M. The involvement of voltage-operated calcium channels in somato-dendritic oxytocin release. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e25366 pubmed publisher
Hempel C, Sivula M, Levenson J, Rose D, Li B, Sirianni A, et al. A system for performing high throughput assays of synaptic function. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e25999 pubmed publisher
Anderson T, Abbinanti M, Peck J, Gilmour M, Brownstone R, Masino M. Low-threshold calcium currents contribute to locomotor-like activity in neonatal mice. J Neurophysiol. 2012;107:103-13 pubmed publisher
Szabadits E, Cserép C, Szonyi A, Fukazawa Y, Shigemoto R, Watanabe M, et al. NMDA receptors in hippocampal GABAergic synapses and their role in nitric oxide signaling. J Neurosci. 2011;31:5893-904 pubmed publisher
Myoga M, Regehr W. Calcium microdomains near R-type calcium channels control the induction of presynaptic long-term potentiation at parallel fiber to purkinje cell synapses. J Neurosci. 2011;31:5235-43 pubmed publisher
Chalifoux J, Carter A. GABAB receptor modulation of voltage-sensitive calcium channels in spines and dendrites. J Neurosci. 2011;31:4221-32 pubmed publisher
Tsuruta F, Green E, Rousset M, Dolmetsch R. PIKfyve regulates CaV1.2 degradation and prevents excitotoxic cell death. J Cell Biol. 2009;187:279-94 pubmed publisher
Chu J, Lee L, Lai C, Vaudry H, Chan Y, Yung W, et al. Secretin as a neurohypophysial factor regulating body water homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:15961-6 pubmed publisher
Yang L, Stephens G. Effects of neuropathy on high-voltage-activated Ca(2+) current in sensory neurones. Cell Calcium. 2009;46:248-56 pubmed publisher
Zheng N, Raman I. Ca currents activated by spontaneous firing and synaptic disinhibition in neurons of the cerebellar nuclei. J Neurosci. 2009;29:9826-38 pubmed publisher
Castro A, Andrade A, Vergara P, Segovia J, Aguilar J, Felix R, et al. Involvement of R-type Ca2+ channels in neurotransmitter release from spinal dorsolateral funiculus terminals synapsing motoneurons. J Comp Neurol. 2009;513:188-96 pubmed publisher
N GOUEMO P, Faingold C, Morad M. Calcium channel dysfunction in inferior colliculus neurons of the genetically epilepsy-prone rat. Neuropharmacology. 2009;56:665-75 pubmed publisher
Woodhall G, Ayman G, Jones R. Differential control of two forms of glutamate release by group III metabotropic glutamate receptors at rat entorhinal synapses. Neuroscience. 2007;148:7-21 pubmed
image
image 1 :
Alomone Labs RTS-500 image 1
Alomone Labs SNX-482 inhibits CaV2.3 channels heterologously expressed inXenopusoocytes. - CaV2.3 channel subunits co-expressed inXenopusoocytes. Using TEVC membrane potential was held at -100 mV. Ba2+(10 mM) currents via CaV2.3 channels were elicited by 40 ms long voltage ramps from -100 to +60 mV delivered every 10 seconds. Left: Representative current traces before and following the application of 100 200 and 400 nMSNX-482(#RTS-500) as indicated. Right: Dose-response for SNX-482 (n = 2-6).
image 2 :
Alomone Labs RTS-500 image 2
SNX-482 blocks KV4.3 currents heterologously expressed in HEK 293 cells. - Effect of 3 nM (top) and 60 nM (bottom)SNX-482(#RTS-500) on current carried by cloned KV4.3 channels expressed in HEK-293 cells (left panels). Effect of 3 nM (top) and 60 nM (bottom) SNX-482 on current carried by cloned CaV2.3 channels expressed in HEK-293 cells. Recordings at 23C.Adapted fromKimm T. and Bean B.P.(2014) with permission of the Society for Neuroscience.
product information
cat :
RTS-500
SKU :
RTS-500_0.1 mg
Product Name :
SNX-482
Group Type :
Non Antibodies
Product Type :
Proteins
Accession :
P56854
Accession Number :
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P56854/entry
Applications :
Electrophysiology
Formulation :
Lyophilized from filtrated Ammonium acetate solution. May contain acetate as a residual counter ion.
Storage After Reconstitution :
The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods (up to 6 months), small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solutions for longer than a few days. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Reconstitution and Solubility :
Centrifuge the vial (10,000 × g for 5 minutes) before adding solvent to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Gently tap, tilt, and roll the vial to aid dissolution. Avoid vigorous vortexing; light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.
Solubility :
Centrifuge the vial before adding solvent (10,000 x g for 5 minutes) to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Tap the vial to aid in dissolving the lyophilized product. Tilt and gently roll the liquid over the walls of the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. Light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.
Storage Before Reconstitution :
The product is shipped as a lyophilized powder at room temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at -20°C. Protect from moisture.
Origin :
Hysterocrates gigas (Cameroon red baboon tarantula)
Source :
Recombinant, E. coli
Gene ID :
CACNA1A, CACNA1E, KCND2, KCND3
Product Page - Scientific background :
SNX-482 is a peptidyl toxin originally isolated from venom of the spider Hysterocrates gigas. Native SNX-482 blocks specifically CaV2.3 (α1E, R-type) channels1 in a voltage-dependent manner. The block is reversible only upon application of strong voltage to facilitate unbinding.2 SNX-482 inhibits human CaV2.3 channels stably expressed in a mammalian cell line. An IC50 of 15-30 nM was obtained for block of CaV2.3 channel, using either patch clamp electrophysiology or K+-evoked Ca2+ flux. At low nanomolar concentrations, SNX-482 also blocked a native R-type Ca2+ current in rat neurohypophyseal nerve terminals, but concentrations of 200-500 nM had no effect on R-type Ca2+ currents in several types of rat central neurons.1 SNX-482 was also used to demonstrate the contribution of CaV2.3 channels to transmitter release.3 Recently it was shown that higher concentrations of SNX-482 also block CaV2.1 channels in chromaffin cells.4SNX-482 was found to be the most potent blocker to date for KV4.3 channel with IC50 < 3 nM5.
Supplier :
Alomone Labs
Target :
CaV2.3, CaV2.1, KV4.2, KV4.3 channels
Long Description :
A Blocker of CaV2.3 and KV4.3 Channels
Short Description :
A Blocker of CaV2.3 and KV4.3 Channels
MW :
4495 Da
Synonyms :
ω-Theraphotoxin-Hg1a, ω-TRTX-Hg1a, SNX 482
Modifications :
Disulfide bonds between: Cys7-Cys21, Cys14-Cys26, and Cys20-Cys33
Molecular formula :
C192H274N52O60S7
Effective Concentration :
10 - 100 nM
Activity :
SNX-482 blocks R-type (CaV2.3) and P/Q-type (CaV2.1) voltage-gated Ca2+ channels1. It also blocks A-type K+ channels with an IC50 < 3 nM2.
Storage of solutions :
The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods (up to 6 months), small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solutions for longer than a few days. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Lead Time :
1-2 Business Days
Country of origin :
Israel/IL
Purity :
≥98% (HPLC)
CAS No :
203460-30-4
Form :
Lyophilized
Comment :
Contact Alomone Labs for technical support and product customization
Sequence :
GVDKAGCRYMFGGCSVNDDCCPRLGCHSLFSYCAWDLTF
SD-OH
Is Toxin :
Yes
UNSPSC :
12352202
Bioassay Tested :
yes
Steril endotoxin free :
no
Cited Application :
Electrophysiology
more info or order :
company information
Alomone Labs
Jerusalem BioPark (JBP), Hadassah Ein Kerem
P.O. Box 4287
Jerusalem 9104201
info@alomone.com
http://www.alomone.com
972 2 531 8002
headquarters: Israel