α-Latrotoxin | Alomone Labs LSP-130 product information

product summary

company name :

Alomone Labs

product type :

chemical

product name :

α-Latrotoxin

catalog :

LSP-130

more info or order :

Alomone Labs product webpage

citations: 24

Reference
Føns S, Ledsgaard L, Nikolaev M, Vassilevski A, Sørensen C, Chevalier M, et al. Discovery of a Recombinant Human Monoclonal Immunoglobulin G Antibody Against α-Latrotoxin From the Mediterranean Black Widow Spider (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus). Front Immunol. 2020;11:587825 pubmed publisher
Stazi M, Negro S, Megighian A, D Este G, Solimena M, Jockers R, et al. Melatonin promotes regeneration of injured motor axons via MT1 receptors. J Pineal Res. 2021;70:e12695 pubmed publisher
Negro S, Zanetti G, Mattarei A, Valentini A, Megighian A, Tombesi G, et al. An Agonist of the CXCR4 Receptor Strongly Promotes Regeneration of Degenerated Motor Axon Terminals. Cells. 2019;8: pubmed publisher
Vezain M, Lecuyer M, Rubio M, Dupé V, Ratié L, David V, et al. A de novo variant in ADGRL2 suggests a novel mechanism underlying the previously undescribed association of extreme microcephaly with severely reduced sulcation and rhombencephalosynapsis. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2018;6:109 pubmed publisher
Yamada K, Iwatsubo T. Extracellular α-synuclein levels are regulated by neuronal activity. Mol Neurodegener. 2018;13:9 pubmed publisher
Lucas S, Michel C, Marra V, Smalley J, Hennig M, Graham B, et al. Glucose and lactate as metabolic constraints on presynaptic transmission at an excitatory synapse. J Physiol. 2018;596:1699-1721 pubmed publisher
Negro S, Lessi F, Duregotti E, Aretini P, La Ferla M, Franceschi S, et al. CXCL12α/SDF-1 from perisynaptic Schwann cells promotes regeneration of injured motor axon terminals. EMBO Mol Med. 2017;9:1000-1010 pubmed publisher
Duregotti E, Zanetti G, Scorzeto M, Megighian A, Montecucco C, Pirazzini M, et al. Snake and Spider Toxins Induce a Rapid Recovery of Function of Botulinum Neurotoxin Paralysed Neuromuscular Junction. Toxins (Basel). 2015;7:5322-36 pubmed publisher
Duregotti E, Negro S, Scorzeto M, Zornetta I, Dickinson B, Chang C, et al. Mitochondrial alarmins released by degenerating motor axon terminals activate perisynaptic Schwann cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112:E497-505 pubmed publisher
Duregotti E, Tedesco E, Montecucco C, Rigoni M. Calpains participate in nerve terminal degeneration induced by spider and snake presynaptic neurotoxins. Toxicon. 2013;64:20-8 pubmed publisher
McGonigal R, Rowan E, Greenshields K, Halstead S, Humphreys P, Rother R, et al. Anti-GD1a antibodies activate complement and calpain to injure distal motor nodes of Ranvier in mice. Brain. 2010;133:1944-60 pubmed publisher
Heupel K, Sargsyan V, Plomp J, Rickmann M, Varoqueaux F, Zhang W, et al. Loss of transforming growth factor-beta 2 leads to impairment of central synapse function. Neural Dev. 2008;3:25 pubmed publisher
Arunachalam L, Han L, Tassew N, He Y, Wang L, Xie L, et al. Munc18-1 is critical for plasma membrane localization of syntaxin1 but not of SNAP-25 in PC12 cells. Mol Biol Cell. 2008;19:722-34 pubmed
Rohou A, Nield J, Ushkaryov Y. Insecticidal toxins from black widow spider venom. Toxicon. 2007;49:531-49 pubmed
Blair D, Lin Y, Bennett M. Differential sensitivity to calcium and osmotic pressure of fast and slow ATP currents at sympathetic varicosities in mouse vas deferens. Auton Neurosci. 2003;105:45-52 pubmed
Bullens R, O Hanlon G, Wagner E, Molenaar P, Furukawa K, Furukawa K, et al. Complex gangliosides at the neuromuscular junction are membrane receptors for autoantibodies and botulinum neurotoxin but redundant for normal synaptic function. J Neurosci. 2002;22:6876-84 pubmed
Zygmunt P, Andersson D, Hogestatt E. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol activate capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves via a CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor-independent mechanism. J Neurosci. 2002;22:4720-7 pubmed
Zygmunt P, Petersson J, Andersson D, Chuang H, Sørgård M, Di Marzo V, et al. Vanilloid receptors on sensory nerves mediate the vasodilator action of anandamide. Nature. 1999;400:452-7 pubmed
Plomp J, Molenaar P, O Hanlon G, Jacobs B, Veitch J, Daha M, et al. Miller Fisher anti-GQ1b antibodies: alpha-latrotoxin-like effects on motor end plates. Ann Neurol. 1999;45:189-99 pubmed
Boehm S, Huck S. Presynaptic inhibition by concanavalin A: are alpha-latrotoxin receptors involved in action potential-dependent transmitter release?. J Neurochem. 1998;71:2421-30 pubmed
Nakata T, Terada S, Hirokawa N. Visualization of the dynamics of synaptic vesicle and plasma membrane proteins in living axons. J Cell Biol. 1998;140:659-74 pubmed
De Potter W, Partoens P, Schoups A, Llona I, Coen E. Noradrenergic neurons release both noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y from a single pool: the large dense cored vesicles. Synapse. 1997;25:44-55 pubmed
Boehm S, Huck S. Inhibition of N-type calcium channels: the only mechanism by which presynaptic alpha 2-autoreceptors control sympathetic transmitter release. Eur J Neurosci. 1996;8:1924-31 pubmed
Waterman S, Maggi C. Stimulation of neuropeptide release from sensory and enteric neurons in the guinea-pig by alpha-latrotoxin. Neuroscience. 1995;69:977-84 pubmed

image

image 1 :

Alomone Labs ?-Latrotoxinelicits synaptic transmission. - A. Superimposed current traces of post synaptic recording from dissociatedhippocampal neurons in culture before (black) and after (red) application of ?-Latrotoxin (#LSP-130). B. Individual post synaptic currents are magnified from A.

image 2 :

Alomone Labs ?-Latrotoxin activates P42/44 MAP kinase by inducing Ca2+influx in RIN insulinoma cells. - Cells were treated for 15 min with 35 mM K+or 2 nM?-Latrotoxin(#LSP-130) in the presence or absence of 5 mM EGTA. Cell proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE and probed with anti-phospho-P42/44 antibodies.

product information

cat :

LSP-130

SKU :

LSP-130_0.2 mg

Product Name :

α-Latrotoxin

Group Type :

Non Antibodies

Product Type :

Proteins

Accession :

P23631

Accession Number :

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P23631/entry

Applications :

Electrophysiology, Synaptic recording

Formulation :

Lyopholized in 20mM KPO4 pH 6.8.

Storage After Reconstitution :

Store the reconstituted solution for the shortest time possible at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solution for longer than one day. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

Reconstitution and Solubility :

Centrifuge the vial (10,000 × g for 5 minutes) before adding solvent to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Gently tap, tilt, and roll the vial to aid dissolution. Avoid vigorous vortexing; light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. Soluble in water. Once dissolved in water, add an equal volume of glycerol. Do not shake or vortex. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.

Solubility :

Centrifuge the vial before adding solvent (10,000 x g for 5 minutes) to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Tap the vial to aid in dissolving the lyophilized product. Tilt and gently roll the liquid over the walls of the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. Light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. Soluble in water. Once dissolved in water, add an equal volume of glycerol. Do not shake or vortex. Avoid multiple freeze-thawing cycles.

Storage Before Reconstitution :

The product is shipped as a lyophilized powder at room temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at -20°C. Protect from moisture.

Origin :

Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (Mediterranean black widow spider).

Source :

Natural protein

Gene ID :

ADGRL1,NRXN1,PTPRS

Product Page - Scientific background :

α-Latrotoxin is a 130 kDa protein toxin from the black widow spider venom and is the only protein in the venom that affects mammals.1,2 Application of the toxin to presynaptic preparations induces, after a delay, a huge increase in spontaneous neurotransmitter release, which can be evaluated by measuring the post synaptic response in the form of miniature end plate potentials. This toxin is widely used to induce and study neurotransmitter release, but the molecular mechanism of its action is not fully determined.α-Latrotoxin is isolated according to a modified protocol as described by Frontali3 and Grasso4.

Supplier :

Alomone Labs

Target :

Neurexin-1, ADGRL1 (latrophilin-1/CIRL), and tyrosine-protein phosphatase S (PTPRS) receptors

Long Description :

An Inducer of Neurotransmitter Release

Short Description :

An Inducer of Neurotransmitter Release

MW :

130 kDa

Synonyms :

α-Latrotoxin-Lt1a, α-LTX-Lt1a, α-LTX

Modifications :

Highly disulfide bridged protein Glycosylated

Effective Concentration :

150 pM - 1 nM

Activity :

α-Latrotoxin induces exhaustive neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals1. Indirectly activates the ERK MAP kinase pathway.

Storage of solutions :

The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods (up to 6 months), small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solutions for longer than a few days. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

Lead Time :

1-2 Business Days

Country of origin :

Israel/IL

Purity :

≥98% (HPLC)

CAS No :

65988-34-3

Form :

Lyophilized

Comment :

Contact Alomone Labs for technical support and product customization

Is Toxin :

Yes

UNSPSC :

12352202

Bioassay Tested :

yes

Steril endotoxin free :

yes

more info or order :

Alomone Labs product webpage