α-Dendrotoxin | Alomone Labs D-350 product information

product summary

company name :

Alomone Labs

product type :

chemical

product name :

α-Dendrotoxin

catalog :

D-350

more info or order :

Alomone Labs product webpage

citations: 33

Reference
Oliver K, Florez Paz D, Badea T, Mentis G, Menon V, de Nooij J. Molecular correlates of muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ afferents. Nat Commun. 2021;12:1451 pubmed publisher
Chittajallu R, Auville K, Mahadevan V, Lai M, Hunt S, Calvigioni D, et al. Activity-dependent tuning of intrinsic excitability in mouse and human neurogliaform cells. elife. 2020;9: pubmed publisher
Lahiri A, Bevan M. Dopaminergic Transmission Rapidly and Persistently Enhances Excitability of D1 Receptor-Expressing Striatal Projection Neurons. Neuron. 2020;106:277-290.e6 pubmed publisher
Zheng Y, Liu P, Bai L, Trimmer J, Bean B, Ginty D. Deep Sequencing of Somatosensory Neurons Reveals Molecular Determinants of Intrinsic Physiological Properties. Neuron. 2019;103:598-616.e7 pubmed publisher
Bellono N, Leitch D, Julius D. Molecular tuning of electroreception in sharks and skates. Nature. 2018;558:122-126 pubmed publisher
Muqeem T, Ghosh B, Pinto V, Lepore A, Covarrubias M. Regulation of Nociceptive Glutamatergic Signaling by Presynaptic Kv3.4 Channels in the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn. J Neurosci. 2018;38:3729-3740 pubmed publisher
Dawes J, Weir G, Middleton S, Patel R, Chisholm K, Pettingill P, et al. Immune or Genetic-Mediated Disruption of CASPR2 Causes Pain Hypersensitivity Due to Enhanced Primary Afferent Excitability. Neuron. 2018;97:806-822.e10 pubmed publisher
Kojima Y, Kimura M, Higashikawa A, Kono K, Ando M, Tazaki M, et al. Potassium Currents Activated by Depolarization in Odontoblasts. Front Physiol. 2017;8:1078 pubmed publisher
Hou W, Kuo N, Fang G, Huang H, Wu K, Zimmer A, et al. Wiring Specificity and Synaptic Diversity in the Mouse Lateral Central Amygdala. J Neurosci. 2016;36:4549-63 pubmed publisher
Calvo M, Richards N, Schmid A, Barroso A, Zhu L, Ivulic D, et al. Altered potassium channel distribution and composition in myelinated axons suppresses hyperexcitability following injury. elife. 2016;5:e12661 pubmed publisher
Pathak D, Guan D, FOEHRING R. Roles of specific Kv channel types in repolarization of the action potential in genetically identified subclasses of pyramidal neurons in mouse neocortex. J Neurophysiol. 2016;115:2317-29 pubmed publisher
Casale A, Foust A, Bal T, McCormick D. Cortical Interneuron Subtypes Vary in Their Axonal Action Potential Properties. J Neurosci. 2015;35:15555-67 pubmed publisher
Kim S. Action potential modulation in CA1 pyramidal neuron axons facilitates OLM interneuron activation in recurrent inhibitory microcircuits of rat hippocampus. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e113124 pubmed publisher
Yang J, Ye M, Tian C, Yang M, Wang Y, Shu Y. Dopaminergic modulation of axonal potassium channels and action potential waveform in pyramidal neurons of prefrontal cortex. J Physiol. 2013;591:3233-51 pubmed publisher
Bocksteins E, Van de Vijver G, Van Bogaert P, Snyders D. Kv3 channels contribute to the delayed rectifier current in small cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2012;303:C406-15 pubmed publisher
Casale A, McCormick D. Active action potential propagation but not initiation in thalamic interneuron dendrites. J Neurosci. 2011;31:18289-302 pubmed publisher
Guan D, Higgs M, Horton L, Spain W, Foehring R. Contributions of Kv7-mediated potassium current to sub- and suprathreshold responses of rat layer II/III neocortical pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2011;106:1722-33 pubmed publisher
Martel P, Leo D, Fulton S, Bérard M, Trudeau L. Role of Kv1 potassium channels in regulating dopamine release and presynaptic D2 receptor function. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e20402 pubmed publisher
Alle H, Kubota H, Geiger J. Sparse but highly efficient Kv3 outpace BKCa channels in action potential repolarization at hippocampal mossy fiber boutons. J Neurosci. 2011;31:8001-12 pubmed publisher
Fulton S, Thibault D, Mendez J, Lahaie N, Tirotta E, Borrelli E, et al. Contribution of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel to D2 autoreceptor regulation of axonal dopamine overflow. J Biol Chem. 2011;286:9360-72 pubmed publisher
Min M, Wu Y, Shih P, Lu H, Wu Y, Hsu C, et al. Roles of A-type potassium currents in tuning spike frequency and integrating synaptic transmission in noradrenergic neurons of the A7 catecholamine cell group in rats. Neuroscience. 2010;168:633-45 pubmed publisher
Norris A, Nerbonne J. Molecular dissection of I(A) in cortical pyramidal neurons reveals three distinct components encoded by Kv4.2, Kv4.3, and Kv1.4 alpha-subunits. J Neurosci. 2010;30:5092-101 pubmed publisher
Matsumoto S, Yoshida S, Ikeda M, Kadoi J, Takahashi M, Tanimoto T, et al. Effects of acetazolamide on transient K+ currents and action potentials in nodose ganglion neurons of adult rats. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2011;17:66-79 pubmed publisher
Wu Z, Li D, Chen S, Pan H. Aminopyridines potentiate synaptic and neuromuscular transmission by targeting the voltage-activated calcium channel beta subunit. J Biol Chem. 2009;284:36453-61 pubmed publisher
Guzman J, Sanchez Padilla J, Chan C, Surmeier D. Robust pacemaking in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. J Neurosci. 2009;29:11011-9 pubmed publisher
Menteyne A, Levavasseur F, Audinat E, Avignone E. Predominant functional expression of Kv1.3 by activated microglia of the hippocampus after Status epilepticus. PLoS ONE. 2009;4:e6770 pubmed publisher
Iremonger K, Bains J. Retrograde opioid signaling regulates glutamatergic transmission in the hypothalamus. J Neurosci. 2009;29:7349-58 pubmed publisher
Madrid R, De La Pena E, Donovan Rodriguez T, Belmonte C, Viana F. Variable threshold of trigeminal cold-thermosensitive neurons is determined by a balance between TRPM8 and Kv1 potassium channels. J Neurosci. 2009;29:3120-31 pubmed publisher
Petreanu L, Mao T, Sternson S, Svoboda K. The subcellular organization of neocortical excitatory connections. Nature. 2009;457:1142-5 pubmed publisher
Day M, Wokosin D, Plotkin J, Tian X, Surmeier D. Differential excitability and modulation of striatal medium spiny neuron dendrites. J Neurosci. 2008;28:11603-14 pubmed publisher
Cho K, Jang H, Lee E, Yoon S, Hahn S, Jo Y, et al. Differential cholinergic modulation of Ca2+ transients evoked by backpropagating action potentials in apical and basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2008;99:2833-43 pubmed publisher
Xu H, Guo W, Nerbonne J. Four kinetically distinct depolarization-activated K+ currents in adult mouse ventricular myocytes. J Gen Physiol. 1999;113:661-78 pubmed
Zhou B, Ma W, Huang X. Specific antibodies to the external vestibule of voltage-gated potassium channels block current. J Gen Physiol. 1998;111:555-63 pubmed

image

image 1 :

Alomone Labs ?-Dendrotoxin inhibits KV1.1 and KV1.2 channel currents heterologously expressed inXenopusoocytes. - KV1.1 (left in 2 mM K+) and KV1.2 (right in 5 mM K+) channel currents elicited by 200 ms depolarization from a holding potential of -100 mV to +20 mV before and during application of 100 nM?-Dendrotoxin(#D-350). 73% (n = 4) of the KV1.1 and 80% (n = 4) of the KV1.2 channels were inhibited by ?-Dendrotoxin respectively.

image 2 :

Western blot analysis of rat (lanes 1 and 3) and mouse (lanes 2 and 4)brain membranes: - 12.Anti-LINGO-1 (extracellular) Antibody (#ANT-032) (1:200).34. Anti-LINGO-1 (extracellular) Antibody preincubated with the negative control antigen.

product information

cat :

D-350

SKU :

D-350_0.14 mg

Product Name :

α-Dendrotoxin

Group Type :

Non Antibodies

Product Type :

Proteins

Accession :

P00980

Accession Number :

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P00980/entry

Applications :

Electrophysiology

Formulation :

Lyophilized from double distilled water (ddH2O). May contain TFA as a residual counter ion.

Storage After Reconstitution :

The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods (up to 6 months), small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solutions for longer than a few days. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

Reconstitution and Solubility :

Centrifuge the vial (10,000 × g for 5 minutes) before adding solvent to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Gently tap, tilt, and roll the vial to aid dissolution. Avoid vigorous vortexing; light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.

Solubility :

Centrifuge the vial before adding solvent (10,000 x g for 5 minutes) to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Tap the vial to aid in dissolving the lyophilized product. Tilt and gently roll the liquid over the walls of the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. Light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.

Storage Before Reconstitution :

The product is shipped as a lyophilized powder at room temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at -20°C. Protect from moisture.

Origin :

Dendroaspis angusticeps (Eastern green mamba).

Source :

Natural protein

Gene ID :

KCNA1 ,KCNA2 ,KCNA6

Product Page - Scientific background :

α-Dendrotoxin is isolated from Dendroaspis angusticeps snake venom by modification of the procedures of Harvey1 and Benishin2 and purified to homogeneity. α-Dendrotoxin blocks KV1.1 and KV1.2 channels (IC50= 0.4 to 4 and 1.1 to 12 nM in oocytes respectively, with higher values for mammalian cells).4 In addition, the toxin was shown to block KV1.6 (IC50= 9-25 nM).4α-Dendrotoxin was recently found to block ASIC currents in rat dorsal root ganglia with IC50 in the nM range5.

Supplier :

Alomone Labs

Target :

KV1.1, KV1.2, KV1.6, ASIC channels

Long Description :

A Blocker of KV1.1, KV1.2, KV1.6 and ASIC Channels

Short Description :

A Blocker of KV1.1, KV1.2, KV1.6 and ASIC Channels

MW :

7047 Da

Synonyms :

Venom basic protease inhibitor 1 homolog, Toxin C13S2C3, α-DTX

Modifications :

Disulfide bonds between: Cys7-Cys57, Cys16-Cys40 and Cys32-Cys53 Gln1 - Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid

Molecular formula :

C305H473N99O83S6

Effective Concentration :

10 - 500 nM

Activity :

α-Dendrotoxin inhibits 4-AP sensitive, inactivating voltage-gated K+ channels (KV1.1, KV1.2 and KV1.6).

Storage of solutions :

Lead Time :

1-2 Business Days

Country of origin :

Israel/IL

Purity :

≥98% (HPLC)

CAS No :

74504-53-3

Form :

Lyophilized

Comment :

Contact Alomone Labs for technical support and product customization

Sequence :

QPRRKLCILHRNPGRCYDKIPAFYYNQKKKQCERFDWSG
CGGNSNRFKTIEECRRTCIG-OH

Is Toxin :

Yes

UNSPSC :

12352202

Bioassay Tested :

yes

Steril endotoxin free :

Cited Application :

Electrophysiology

more info or order :

Alomone Labs product webpage